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PHA6123 LEC Pharmacy Informatics > Clinical Practice Guidelines > Flashcards

Clinical Practice Guidelines Flashcards

1
Q

documents used by clinicians that provide guides in clinical decision-making and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare

A

practice guidelines

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2
Q

practice guidelines are documents used by clinicians to provide guides in __________________ and criteria regarding ________________, ______________, and _________________ in specific areas of healthcare

A

clinical decision-making; diagnosis, management, and treatment

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3
Q

Practice guidelines are ____________________________ from clinical researchers and professional expertise of clinicians from different fields

A

commonly compiled evidences

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4
Q

T/F: Practice guidelines are commonly compiled evidences from clinical researchers and professional expertise of clinicians from the same field

A

F: from different fields

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5
Q

research has shown that _________________ of development, a practice guideline may be outdated and must be updated

A

within 2 years of development

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6
Q

Types of practice guidelines

A
  1. evidence-based
  2. formal consensus-based
  3. mixture of EBM and consensus-based
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7
Q

utilize a rigorous systematic process involving review and critical evaluation of the medical literature to develop final recommendations

A

evidence-based

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8
Q

evidence-based practice guidelines utilize a _____________________________ involving review and critical evaluation of the medical literature to develop final recommendations

A

rigorous systematic process

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9
Q

presence of existing data

A

evidence-based

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10
Q

utilize the experience of experts in their practice area to draw conclusions and develop recommendations

A

formal consensus-based

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11
Q

formal consensus-based practice guidelines are useful for those instances where the evidence:

A
  1. does not exist
  2. is not complete
  3. is not conclusive enough to allow the development of a final recommendation
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12
Q

practice guidelines based on experience only

A

formal consensus-based

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13
Q

uses evidence to construct the guideline and supplements those steps without evidence with experience of the experts in that field

A

mixture of EBM and consensus-based

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14
Q

mixture of EBM and consensus-based is useful especially in areas of practice where: ____________________________________________ to be the standard of practice

A

there is no established evidence or proof is available

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15
Q

what are practice guidelines created primarily for?

A
  1. facilitating clinical decision making
  2. improving the quality of health care
  3. providing consistent treatment across environments
  4. decreasing costs
  5. diminishing professional liability
  6. identifying individualized alternative treatment
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16
Q

GRADE stands for

A

Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations

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17
Q

a transparent framework for developing and presenting summaries of evidence and provides a systematic approach for making clinical practice recommendations

A

GRADE

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18
Q

GRADE is a transparent framework for __________________________________ and provides a ____________________ for making clinical practice recommendations

A

developing and presenting summaries of evidence and provides a systematic approach

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19
Q

how does GRADE work?

A
  1. authors make a clinical question
  2. PIOM
  3. get systematic review
20
Q

PIOM stands for

A

Population/Problem/Purpose, Intervention, Outcome, Methods

21
Q

best estimate of the effect size for each outcome in absolute terms

A

systematic review

22
Q

T/F: authors rate quality of evidence applied to each outcome

A

T

23
Q

can be applied to a body of evidence across outcomes, usually by taking the lowest quality of evidence from all of the outcomes that are critical to decision making

A

overall GRADE

24
Q

overall GRADE quality rating can be applied to a ________________________ , usually by taking the lowest quality of evidence from all the outcomes that are critical to decision making

A

body of evidence across outcomes

25
Q

language bias is most common among

A

Eastern Asian Countries

26
Q

what is the meta-analysis identifier?

A

randomized clinical trials or clinical trials

27
Q

what are the GRADE certainty ratings

A
  1. very low
  2. low
  3. moderate
  4. high
28
Q

true effect is probably markedly different from the estimated effect

A

very low

29
Q

true effect might be markedly different from the estimated effect

A

low

30
Q

authors believe that the true effect is probably close to the estimated effect

A

moderate

31
Q

authors have a lot of confidence that the true effect is similar to the estimated effect

A

high

32
Q

modified version of GRADE process

A

critical appraisal of evidence

33
Q

evidence from 2 or more “high” quality studies with consistent findings for recommending for or against the intervention

A

strong (high quality) evidence

34
Q

evidence from 2 or more “moderate” quality studies with consistent findings, or evidence from a single “high” quality study for recommending for or against the intervention

A

moderate quality evidence

35
Q

evidence from one or more “low” quality studies with consistent findings or evidence from a single “moderate” quality study recommending for or against the intervention

A

low quality evidence

36
Q

evidence from one or more “very low” quality studies with consistent findings or evidence from a single “low” quality study recommendation for or against the intervention

A

very low quality evidence

37
Q

level of evidence and strength of recommendation that are considered options according to benefits and harms balanced

A
  1. strong (high quality) evidence
  2. moderate quality evidence
  3. low quality evidence
  4. very low quality evidence
38
Q

a particular action is favored because anticipated benefits clearly exceed harms (or vice versa), and quality of evidence is excellent (moderate or strong) or unobtainable

A

strong recommendation

39
Q

a particular action is favored because anticipated benefits clearly exceed harms (or vice versa), and the quality of evidence is good but not excellent (or is unobtainable)

A

moderate recommendation

40
Q

a particular action is favored because anticipated benefits clearly exceed harms (or vice versa), but the quality of evidence is low or very low

A

weak recommendation

41
Q

an option is provided when the aggregated data show evidence of both benefit and harm that appear similar in magnitude for any available courses of action

A

option

42
Q

recommendation wherein clinicians should follow unless a clear and compelling rationale for an alternative approach is present

A

strong recommendation

43
Q

recommendation that clinicians would be prudent to follow but should remain alert to new information and sensitive to patient preferences

A

moderate and weak recommendation

44
Q

recommendation wherein clinicians should consider in their decision-making, but patient preference may have a substantial role

A

option

45
Q

“An understanding of strengths and limitations inherent with each design is essential to________________________________ produced. Those trial designs with a high level of quality provide the most reliable evidence and that translates into the strongest recommendation/clinical decision.”

A

determine the overall quality of the
evidence

PHA6123 LEC Pharmacy Informatics (4 decks)

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