TP1

Question 1

What is absolute 0?

Answer 1

The temperature at which an ideal gas would have 0 pressure (-273°C)

Question 2

What is the relationship between two different temperatures and pressures?

Answer 2

T2/T1 = p2/p1

Question 3

What is the relationship involving the triple point of water?

Answer 3

T = T(trip) p/p(trip) = (273.16K) p/p(trip)

Question 4

How do we convert between temperature scales?

Answer 4

Tf = 9/5 Tc + 32
Tc = 5/9 (Tf - 32)
Tk = Tc + 273.15

Question 5

What is the relationship for length expansion?

Answer 5

Ľ = ą l0 DT
(l = l0 + Ľ)

Question 6

What is the relationship for volume expansion?

Answer 6

DV = BV0 DT
(B = 3ą)

Question 7

How do thermal stresses occur?

Answer 7

When expansion or contraction is prevented by clamping

Question 8

What is the relationship for thermal stress?

Answer 8

(Ľ/l0) = ą DT

Question 9

What is Youngs Modulus?

Answer 9

Y = (F/A) / (Ľ/l0)
(How easy an object is to stretch or compress)

Question 10

How do we balance thermal stress?

Answer 10

F/A = -ąY DT

Question 11

What are the types of deformation?

Answer 11

Plastic (permanent)
Elastic (reversible)

Question 12

What are the yield point and the fracture point?

Answer 12

Yield point = where deformation goes from elastic to plastic
Fracture point = where there is too much deformation and the object breaks

Question 13

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 13

Total energy is conserved
(DU = Q - W)

Question 14

What is the relationship for specific heat capacity?

Answer 14

Q = cm DT

Question 15

What is the relationship for molar mass?

Answer 15

m = nM

Question 16

What is the relationship for molar heat capacity?

Answer 16

Q = cm DT
= cnM DT
= Cn DT
(C = cM)

Question 17

What is the Dulong-Petit law?

Answer 17

C = 3R ≈ 24.9 J.mol^-1.K^-1
(R = molar gas constant)

Question 18

What is latent heat?

Answer 18

Heat that is absorbed or emitted during a phase change

Question 19

What is the relationship for latent heat?

Answer 19

Q = +/- mL

Question 20

What is calorimetry?

Answer 20

The measurement of heat

Question 21

What is the calculus relationship for heat current?

Answer 21

H = dQ/dt

Question 22

What is conduction and what is it dependent on?

Answer 22

Transfer of energy between atoms, dependent on thermal conductivity

Question 23

What are the relationships for heat current in conduction?

Answer 23

H = -k (A DT)/l
H = -kA dT/dx
(k= constant of thermal conductivity)

Question 24

What does thermal resistance indicate?

Answer 24

Insulation properties

Question 25

What are the relationships for thermal resistance?

Answer 25

H = -A DT/R(t)
R(t) = l/k

Question 26

What is convection and what is it dependent on?

Answer 26

The transfer of heat by motion of fluid from one region to another, dependent on fluid flow

Question 27

What is the heat current relationship for convection?

Answer 27

H = -hA DT
(Free laminar flow: hą|DT|^1/4)
(Turbulent flow: hą|DT|^1/3)

Question 28

What is radiation and what is it dependent on?

Answer 28

The transfer of heat by em waves, dependent on emissivity

Question 29

What is the heat current relationship for radiation?

Answer 29

H = -AeóT^4

Question 30

What is a black body?

Answer 30

A perfect radiator and absorber, emissivity 1

Question 31

What is an ideal reflector?

Answer 31

A perfect reflector, no radiation/absorbtion, emissivity 0

Question 32

What is Wien’s displacement law?

Answer 32

ŷm ą 1/T = bw/T
(ą = 2.9x10^-3mK)

Question 33

What is the ideal gas equation?

Answer 33

pV = nRT = m/M RT
(R = 8.314J.mol^-1K^-1)

Question 34

What are states of gas defined by?

Answer 34

State variables: mass/n of moles, volume, pressure, temperature, all related by equations of state

Question 35

What is Van der Waals equation?

Answer 35

(p + a n^2/v^2)(V-bn) = nRT
(a — attractive force)
(b — finite size)

Question 36

What is the relationship between force and potential?

Answer 36

F = -dU/dr

Question 37

What are isotherms?

Answer 37

Lines of constant temperature on a graph

Question 38

Plotting Van der Waals equation shows phase changes

Answer 38

P can cause phase change as well as T