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Earth Science > Glaciers, coastlines, and climate > Flashcards

Glaciers, coastlines, and climate Flashcards

1
Q

What are thick masses of ice that form over land through compaction and crystallization of snow

A

Glaciers

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2
Q

Glaciers that flow in a downward slope, following topography.

A

Valley/Alpine Glaciers

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3
Q

larger in size that Alpine glaciers, form in regions like the poles where the temperature remains steady year round.

A

Ice sheets

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4
Q

Glaciers in low lands that exit steep terrain

A

Piedmont Glaciers

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5
Q

What are large relatively flat sheets of floating ice where ice sheets and glaciers meet in open water?

A

Ice Shelves

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6
Q

What is frozen sea water?

A

Sea Ice

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7
Q

What are habits of Glacier movement?

A

They can create/deepen valleys, wear or breakdown mountains, transport rock and sediment.

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8
Q

Entire glacier Mass slips downhill

A

Slippage

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9
Q

What is ice below certain mass and pressure break apart

A

Fracture

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10
Q

What happens when ice exceeds critical mass & pressure?

A

Plastic flow

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11
Q

What is the Glacier water Budget?

A

Accumulation and waste in the equilibrium of Glaciers advancing or retracting

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12
Q

when freezing , thawing and scraping break rock free

A

Plucking

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13
Q

As glaciers grind on Landmass, carving into Ice

A

Abrasion

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14
Q

What are bowl shaped depressions near mountains?

A

Cirque

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15
Q

u shaped valleys carved by glacial flow

A

Trough

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16
Q

What percentage of the earth surface is oceans, seas, gulfs and bays?

A

71%

17
Q

What are the major oceans?

A

Pacific,Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic

18
Q

what are average typical properties of an ocean basin?

A

12,000/3700m

19
Q

What is the name for topography of the ocean floor?

A

Bathymetry

20
Q

Whats the area between the continental crust and oceanic crust?

A

Transitional areas

21
Q

Submerged continental crust

A

continental shelf

22
Q
A
23
Q

area between continental shelf and ocean ridge

A

deep ocean basin

24
Q

Minerals that crystalize from sea water through chemical reaction

A

Hydrogeneous

25
Q

weathered rocks and minerals from continental crust

A

Terrigeneous

26
Q

shells and skeletons from marine organism that dissolve from calcium carbonate & Lime stone

A

Biogeneous

27
Q

percentage of earth covered in dry arid climate

A

30%

28
Q

What are features that define dry regions?

A

less than 25% of precipitation annually
very low humidity
lack of soil horizon
extreme varying temperature.

29
Q

What are the massive global deserts?

A

the Sahara, Patagonia, The Arabian/Persian/Gobi, Nambi, the great basin, polar desert,

30
Q

what are circular surface currents?

A

Gyre

31
Q

as a result of the Coriolis effects and continents

A

Boundary currents

Earth Science (3 decks)

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