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Natural Disasters > ND FINAL > Flashcards

ND FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Which notable eruption is known to have caused the loudest noise in history?

A

Tonga 2022, previously Krakatau

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2
Q

The Lake Nyos volcanic site is located at what type of geologic setting?

A

A developing divergent plate boundary in Africa

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3
Q

The most violent eruptions of Kilauea over the past 15,000 years have been estimated to have been VEI…

A

4

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4
Q

Most of the eruptions of Kilauea over the past 15,000 years were VEI…

A

0

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5
Q

What was the composition of the VOG(volcanic smog) intermittently emitted by the 1983-2018 eruption of Kileau

A

sulfur dioxide

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6
Q

Hawaii does not have alot of heavy industry but Sulfur dioxide can create…

A

air pollution

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7
Q

Based on the type of eruption conduit and the type of lava being erupted, the 1983-2018 eruption of Kilauea was a ____ eruption

A

Vesuvian style, specifically basalt lava from the southeastern vent on the side of Kilauea

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8
Q

The most recent eruptions of Kilauea are classified as _____ on the basis of the type of eruption conduit and the type of lava being erupted

A

Hawaiian-style eruption, specifically basalt from the central Halemaumau crater at the summit

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9
Q

What type of lava flow forms lava tubes

A

Pahoehoe basalt lava flows

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10
Q

The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Phillipines helped bring about the closing of a_____ military base

A

Russian Federation

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11
Q

Your instructor said the VEI 5 to VEI 6 2022 subsea volcanic eruption near Tonga in the southern pacific ocean was most likely one notable eruptions

A

Mount Katmai

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12
Q

The 2022 Seafloor eruption near Tonga seems to be far closer to _____ than any other eruption, in terms of volume of erupted material

A

Mount Katmai

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13
Q

What natural disaster will you most likely experience in your lifetime>

A

severe weather

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14
Q

this natural disaster you are least likely to experience in a lifetime but could have the most severe consequences

A

Asteroid and Comet impact

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15
Q

What categories of Near Earth Objects pose a potential threat of impact on earth because their orbits around the Sun crosses the Earth’s orbit around the sun?

A

Apollos, Atens

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16
Q

Atrias

A

NOT Earth crossing, orbits interior to Earth

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17
Q

Atens and Apollos

A

EARTH CROSSING,

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18
Q

Amors

A

NOT Earth crossing, orbits exterior to Earth

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19
Q

Most near Earth objects come from

A

Interstellar space, because the main asteroid belt is close to Earth than other choices

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20
Q

Unmanned spacecraft have now returned to Earth samples of what

A

Apophis

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21
Q

____ is a near Earth object that was recently the target of an engineering experiment that actually changed the course of the object through space

A

Dimorphos

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22
Q

_____ is currently the Near Earth Object given the greatest chance of impacting the Earth

A

1950 DA

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23
Q

The Main Belt Asteroid most recently visited by and unmanned spacecraft is ____

A

dinkinesh

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24
Q

LUCY SPACECRAFT

A

flew by dinkinesh on its way to a multi-year mission to the Trojan asteroids near Jupiter

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25
Q

This famous Kupier Belt Object is going to reach its aphelion, before heading back to the inner solar system

A

Halleys Comet

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26
Q

aphelion

A

the farthest point in its orbit around the sun

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27
Q

The most recent perihelion by Halleys Comet and its next

A

1986, 2061

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28
Q

perihelion

A

closest approach to the sun

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29
Q

Most of the mass of earths atmosphere and most of its weather happens in the lowest layer of the atmosphere which is called the _____

A

The troposphere

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30
Q

This layer of the atomsophere blocks much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun that would otherwise reach the surface of the Earth

A

The ozone layer

31
Q

The ____ is in the upper atmosphere and consists of charged atoms of atmospheric gases formed by the Sun’s radiant energy. It is where the aurora happens and it refelcts certain frequencies of radio waves such as shortwave and the AM radio brand back to enable broadcasts using those frequencies to be recieved over the horizon from the broadcasting station.

A

The lonosphere

32
Q

Where does airglow happen?

A

the lonosphere

33
Q

what is airglow

A

is the light of excited atoms high in Earth’s atmosphere

34
Q

_____ provides the energy that drives Earth’s weather

A

The radiant energy of the Sun

35
Q

What makes the Earth an open system?

A

The fact that the energy that powers Earths weather comes from outside the weather system

36
Q

What components of the Earth’s atmosphere is increasing in abundance due to human activity and is trapping more and more infa red heat radiant energy in the atmosphere

A

Carbon Dioxide

37
Q

What is a green house gas?

A

Carbon Dioxide

38
Q

The heat released or absorbed by this atmospheric gas primarilu when it changes phase from gas to liquid or from liquid to gas is the pirmary means of trasferring energy from one point to another with EArths climate system

A

Water Vapor

39
Q

What is water vapor also called

A

The latent heat of water

40
Q

What is the fastest rotating part of the Earth?

A

The equator

41
Q

What is the dew point?

A

The temperature at which water vapor condenses into droplets of liquid water(rain)

42
Q

The amount of water vapor that a parcel or volume of air contains compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that parcel or volume of air could contain at the temperature is called _____

A

Relative humidity

43
Q

What is absolute humidity?

A

the actual amount of water vapor in a volume of air

44
Q

The warmer a volume or parcel of air is, the _____ water vapor that it can contain

A

more, this is why rising air precipitates out rain as it rises and cools

45
Q

The _____ described what happens when two tropical cyclones collide and merge

A

Fujiwhara effect

46
Q

Most of the top ten tropical storm years have happened in ____

A

The 21st century, an indication of warming ocean surface temperatures

47
Q

What tropical cyclone currently holds the record as being the geographically smallest on record?

A

Cyclone Tracy

48
Q

What is the largest tropical cyclone on record?

A

Super Typhoon

49
Q

What tropical cyclone holds the record for being the geographically largest in the ATLANTIC BASIN?

A

Hurricane Sandy

50
Q

Hail cores form in the _____ of supercell thunderstorms

A

in the middle

51
Q

____ is the tornado responsible for killing the most people and may have had the longest ground track of any tornado in US history

A

The Tri-State Tornado of 1925

52
Q

____ is the fourth costliest tornado in the United States in terms of damage, even when adjusted for inflation

A

Topkea Kansas, 1966

53
Q

_____ is the costliest US tornado to date in terms of damage

A

Joplin Missouri

54
Q

Which of the following tornadoes was described by your instructor as being part of a tornado superoutbreak from the same storm system in 24 hours

A

Xenia, Ohio AND JOPLIN MISS

55
Q

Superoutbreak

A

99 or more tornadoes from the same storm system in 24 hours

56
Q

Can asteroids and comets have rings and moons?

A

YES

57
Q

Have asteroids and comets from interstellar space been observed traveling through our solar system?

A

Yes

58
Q

The amount of water vapor that a volume or parcel of air contains is called its

A

absolute humidity

59
Q

Mid latitude cyclones and tropical cyclones are both areas of?

A

Low atmospheric pressure

60
Q

Activity in New York City was brought to a halt for three days in 1888 by a?

A

BLIZZARD

61
Q

In 1360 the English conquest of France was haulted by a ?

A

HAILSTORM

62
Q

The volume of air contains 2% water vapor but could contain as much as 4% water vapor at that temperature, what is the relative humidity?

A

50%

63
Q

what is relative humidity?

A

the ACTUAL humidity divided by the maximum humidity that volume of air could contain at that temperature

64
Q

Most of the world uses the _____ as its temperature scale for weather reports

A

The Celsius scale

65
Q

Explain the history behind the Celsius scale

A

-named after the scientist who invented it
-formerly called Centigrade Scale because it divided the range between he boiling point and freezing point into 100 degrees

66
Q

What is meant by lapse rate?

A

The rate of cooling air as it rises into the atmosphere

67
Q

what is the environmental lapse rate?

A

The rate at which the atmopshere in general cools with altitude

68
Q

What is adiabatic lapse rate

A

the rate at which a rising volume or parcel of air cools as it rises

69
Q

What is an isobar?

A

A line on a weather map that connect points of equal pressure

70
Q

Storm systems tend to move from West to East across Kansas because we are in the zone of the northern hemisphere called the ____

A

The prevailing westerlies

71
Q

Where would you not expect a tropical cyclone to form?

A

Along the equator

72
Q

Wind velocity is the highest in what part of a tropical cyclone?

A

Along the eyewall

73
Q

Where in a tropical cyclone is it calm and clear?

A

The eye

74
Q

Over time, both the energy and the number of tropical cyclones have___

A

increased, storms run on heat energy, the heat energy of the surface of the ocean has been increasing

Natural Disasters (4 decks)

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