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Biology *1080 - Lecture 14 Flashcards > Biology *1080 Lecture 17 Flashcards > Flashcards

Biology *1080 Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What is maltose?

A

2 glucose

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2
Q

What is sucrose?

A

fructose and glucose

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3
Q

what is lactose?

A

galactose and glucose

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4
Q

What is Starch?

A

glucose and glucose and glucose

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5
Q

What does active and facilitated transport do?

A

Move carbs into circulation

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6
Q

What are glucose and galactose absorbed by?

A

Active Transport (requires ATP)

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7
Q

What is Fructose absorbed by?

A

Facilitated Transport (no ATP)

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8
Q

What happens with people who are lactose intolerant?

A

Not secreting enough lactose to break down dairy products

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9
Q

1st Stage of Peptide and Amino Acid Transport

A

Proteins broken down into smaller peptides

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10
Q

2nd Stage of Peptide and Amino Acid Transport

A

Epithelial Cells secrete peptidases to break down larger peptides into individual amino acids

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11
Q

3rd Stage of Peptide and Amino Acid Transport

A

Transported throughout the body via the bloodstream in order to produce energy (in liver) or protein synthesis

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12
Q

What does it mean to emulsify fat?

A

Making fat soluble with bile

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13
Q

What are bile salts?

A

Amphipathic

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14
Q

What does amphipathic mean?

A

Hydrophilic and lipophilic

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15
Q

What is a fat globule?

A

Non-polar

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16
Q

How do bile salts make a fat globule soluble?

A

Combines with water to turn into phospholipids and a triglyceride or a fat droplet

17
Q

What is the breakdown of fat by lipase?

A
  • A fat droplet and triglyceride and phospholipid combine with lipase to create a monoglyceride and fatty acids
  • The monoglyceride and fatty acids go through brush border
18
Q

Does chylomicrons (fat) go straight through the bloodstream?

A

No, it is absorbed by the lymphatic system first as it is too large

19
Q

What are triglycerides packaged as?

A

Chylomicrons

20
Q

What are chylomicrons?

A

A type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to different tissues

21
Q

What do chylomicrons prevent?

A

They prevent atherosclerosis by delivering more cholesterol rich particles to the artery wall

21
Q

How do chylomicrons re-enter circulation?

A

Via thoracic duct near the heart

22
Q

What comes in from the ileum?

A

Ileal chyme (a chemical and particle-rich liquid, i.e, broken down food particles)

23
Q

What are examples of substances that come in from the Ileum?

A
  • Unabsorbed Nutrients
  • Hormones and Chemical Messengers
  • Soluble Fibre (probiotics)
  • Insoluble Fibre
  • Microbes (probiotics)
  • Cellular Debris
  • Excretion products from the liver
24
Q

What does the colon play a large role in?

A

Hydration

25
Q

1st stage of what happens in the large intestine

A

The colonic epithelium absorbs water and simple ions like sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium

26
Q

2nd stage of what happens in the large intestine

A

The resident microbes digest and absorb what chemicals they can (prebiotics) in a process called fermentation, which produces short chains of fatty acids

27
Q

3rd stage of what happens in the large intestine

A

The resident microbes produce some vitamins (Vitamin K, Vitamin B) as a by product of their metabolism.

28
Q

4th stage of what happens in the large intestine

A

The resident microbes produce gases during their digestion and consumption of the Ileal chyme (carbon, methane, hydrogen sulphide)

29
Q

5th stage of what happens in the large intestine

A

Newly arriving live microbes (probiotic or other) seek to get a foothold in the microbial ecosystem and multiply

30
Q

What is hedonic hunger?

A

The drive to eat to obtain pleasure even though, you are not hungry

31
Q

What is homeostatic hunger?

A

Increased motivation to eat due to depletion of energy stores (hungry as you have not ate in awhile)

Biology *1080 - Lecture 14 Flashcards (6 decks)

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