Soc. - deviance

Question 1

what is deviance?

Answer 1

violation of social norms

Question 2

classification of deviant acts:

4 types

Answer 2

• consensus crimes
• conflict crimes
• social deviation
• social diversions

Question 3

What is social control?

Answer 3

attempts by society to regulate thoughts and behaviours

Question 4

what is a moral entrepreneur?

Answer 4

people who try to sway public opinions and cause moral panic

Question 5

what are the social foundations of deviance?

Answer 5

• more deviance occurs when it’s called out
• the way people define situation involves social power
• deviance varies based on cultural norms

Question 6

social disorganization theory

Answer 6

criminals are a product of their environment, areas with lower social control create more criminals

Question 7

Structural-functional analysis by Durkheim

Answer 7

• deviance affirms cultural values
• responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries and brings people together
• deviance encourages social change

Question 8

Control theory (Travis Hirschi)

Answer 8

attachments (encourages conformity), opportunities (greater success=greater conformity), involvement (links to ‘legitimate’ activities) and belief (respect for authority) stop us from committing crime

Question 9

Merton’s Strain theory

Answer 9

4 responses to inability to succeed:
1. innovation
2. ritualism
3. retreatism
4. rebellion

Question 10

deviance and power:

Answer 10

laws are in the interests of the rich, they can resist deviant labels

Question 11

who’s labelled as ‘deviant’ in a capitalist society?

Answer 11

• those who can’t work
• those who threaten private property
• those who resist authority
• those who challenge status quo

Question 12

what types of crimes are there?

only 3 types

Answer 12

• predatory (economic survival strategies)
• personal (product of stress and strain)
• defensive (direct challenges to social injustice)

Question 13

White collar crime

Answer 13

crimes committed by people of high social standing (lenient treatement)

Question 14

Corporate crime

Answer 14

illegal actions of a corporation that people do on their behalf which leads to pollution, death or occupational disease which is usually fined or left unpunished

Question 15

Feminist contributions

Answer 15

• often victims of sexual assault/domestic abuse
• women offenders are seen as doubly deviant

Question 16

Labelling theory

Answer 16

deviance results from how other’s respond to their actions

Question 17

social construction of reality

Answer 17

highly variable process of detection/definition/response

Question 18

primary deviance

Answer 18

little effect on one’s self concept

Question 19

secondary devience

Answer 19

once labelled, people adopt the role

Question 20

stigma

Answer 20

powerfully negative label that changes a person’s self concept and social identity

Question 21

labelling difference as ‘deviance’ leads to…

Answer 21

being treated differently, enforcing conformity set by those in power

Question 22

medicalization of deviance

Answer 22

transformation of deviance into a medical condition

Question 23

what’s affected by medicalization of deviance?

Answer 23

how people respond to the deviance, whether the deviant is held responsible for their actions

Question 24

differential association theory (edwin sutherland)

Answer 24

deviance is learned, influence from mass media