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Geography > Weathering and mass movement > Flashcards

Weathering and mass movement Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cliff

A

A steep high rock face formed by weathering and erosion

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2
Q

What is a steep high rock face formed by weathering and erosion

A

A cliff

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3
Q

What is weathering

A

The weakening or decay of rocks in their original place

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4
Q

What is the weakening or decay of rocks in their original place

A

Weathering

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of weathering

A

Mechanical, chemical and biological

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6
Q

What type of weathering is freeze-thaw

A

Mechanical

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7
Q

What type of weathering is salt weathering

A

Mechanical

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8
Q

What type of weathering is carbonation

A

Chemical

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9
Q

What type of weathering is flora

A

Biological

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10
Q

What type of weathering is fauna

A

Biological

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11
Q

What is flora

A

Plants

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12
Q

What is fauna

A

Animals

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13
Q

What is mechanical weathering

A

The disintegration of rocks

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14
Q

What is scree

A

Rock fragments

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15
Q

What is chemical weathering

A

Weathering caused by chemical changes

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16
Q

What is biological weathering

A

Weathering due to the actions of flora and fauna

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17
Q

What are the 4 steps of freeze-thaw weathering

A

Water collects in pores in the rock, at night it freezes and expands making cracks bigger, in the day it melts seeping deeper into the rock, the process repeats

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18
Q

What are pores

A

Cracks and holes

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19
Q

What are the 3 steps of salt weathering

A

Salt evaporates from seawater and leaves behing crystals, the crystals collect in pores and expand, this puts pressure on rocks and they flake away

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20
Q

What are the 2 steps of carbonation

A

Rainwater absorbs CO² becoming acidic, it reacts with alkali rocks such as chalk and limestone and dissolves them

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21
Q

What is flora weathering

A

Plant roots grow in cracks in the rocks

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22
Q

What is fauna weathering

A

Animals such as rabbits burrow into weak rocks such as sands

23
Q

What is erosion

A

Wearing away and removal of material by a moving force

24
Q

What is the wearing away and removal of material by a moving force

A

Erosion

25
Q

What does impermeable mean

A

Rocks that dont allow water to pass through

26
Q

What type of rocks allow water to pass through

A

Impermeable

27
Q

What is pearmeable rock

A

Rocks that allow water to pass through

28
Q

What types of rock allow water to pass through

A

Permeable

29
Q

What does saturated mean

A

When a meterial cant hold anymore water

30
Q

What is it called when a meterial cant hold anymore water

A

Saturated

31
Q

What is the base of a cliff

A

The bottom

32
Q

What is the bottom of a cliff called

A

The base

33
Q

What is mass movement

A

The downward movement of material due to gravity

34
Q

What is the the downward movement of material due to gravity

A

Mass movement

35
Q

What is solution

A

The dissolving of soluble chemicals in rocks

36
Q

What is the dissolving of soluble chemicals in rocks

A

Solution

37
Q

What is hydraulic action

A

Water compresses air into cracks causing the rocks to break apart

38
Q

What is water compressing air into cracks causing the rocks to break apart

A

Hydraulic action

39
Q

What is cavitation

A

The explosive force of trapped air operating in a crack

40
Q

What is the explosive force of trapped air operating in a crack

A

Cavitation

41
Q

What is attrition

A

Rock fragments smashing into each other making them smaller and rounder

42
Q

What is it called when rock fragments smash into each other making them smaller and rounder

A

Attrition

43
Q

What is corrasion

A

Rock fragments are pucked up and thrown at cliffs by the sea, scraping and gouging to erode the rock

44
Q

What is it called when rock fragments are pucked up and thrown at cliffs by the sea, scraping and gouging to erode the rock

A

Corrasion

45
Q

What is abrasion

A

The sandpapering of rocks over a rocky platform making it smoother

46
Q

What is the sandpapering of rocks over a rocky platform making it smoother

A

Abrasion

47
Q

What are the 4 types of mass movement

A

Mudslide, landslide, rockfall and slumping(rotational slip)

48
Q

What are mudslides, landslides, rockfalls and slumping(rotational slip) examples of

A

Mass movement

49
Q

What are the 5 steps of slumping

A

Soft boulder clay is left behind from glaciers, it is eroded by hydraulic action and abrasion, prolonged rainfall saturates the permeable soft boulder clay increasing its weight, the clay slumps due to increased weight and gravity, debris at the base of the cliff is eroded by the sea and the cliff is exposed again

50
Q

What are the 5 steps of a landslide

A

There is cliff made of resistant material, the base of the cliff is eroded by hydraulic action and abrasion, not weathering processes, creating a wave cut notch, at the notches size increases the weight of the cliff above becomes too much to support causing a landslide

51
Q

What are the 2 steps of a rockfall

A

Freeze-thaw weathering occurs, arter many times rocks break off and fall to the base of the cliff as scree

52
Q

What is scree

A

Rock fragments at the base of a cliff

53
Q

What are rock fragments at the base of a cliff

A

Scree

54
Q

What are the 4 steps of a mudslide

A

The form from boulder clay, the less resistant permeable boulder clay becomes saturated after prolonged rainfall, due to gravity the boulder clay slides, it slides faster than slumping, occuring on steeper cliffs

Geography (11 decks)

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