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MSK ultrasound > Adult and Pediatric Hip Anatomy and Pathology > Flashcards

Adult and Pediatric Hip Anatomy and Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 bones form the pelvis?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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2
Q

What surface of the acetabulum- horseshoe-shaped articular surface on peripheral acetabulum, articulates w/ femoral head?

A

Lunate surface

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3
Q

What major muscle inserts onto the LESSER trochanter?

A

Illiopsoas

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4
Q

What are the ADDuctor muscles?

A

Adductor longus, magnus, and brevis - insert onto linea aspera

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5
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic

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6
Q

What does the sciatic nerve branch into?

A

Common peroneal and tibial

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7
Q

Capsule distention at femoral neck greater than what measurement is considered hip effusion?

A

> 7mm

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8
Q

T or F? Colour doppler on Ultrasound can rule out infection

A

FALSE - need aspiration

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9
Q

What disorder occurs when synovial villi develop ossified bodies and may break off and become loose in joint?

A

Synovial chondromatosis

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10
Q

What synovial disorder of the hip is an overgrowth & thickening of the synovium - a type of giant cell tumor?

A

PVNS - pigmented villonodular synovitis

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11
Q

The iliopsoas is formed by what two muscles?

A

Iliacus and psoas

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12
Q

What muscles are involved in “snapping hip syndrome” ?

A

Iliacus complex

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13
Q

Where does the rectus femoris originate?

A

AIIS - anterior inferior iliac spine

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14
Q

What glute tendons insert onto the greater trochanter?

A

Medius and minimus

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15
Q

What structures are referred to as the “rotator cuff of the hip”?

A

Gluteal tendons and trochanter

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16
Q

What facet of the greater trochanter does the glute minimus insert onto?

A

Anterior facet

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17
Q

What facet of the greater trochanter does the glute medius insert onto?

A

Lateral and superoposterior

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of an irritable hip in children?

A

Transient synovitis- is a viral infection

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19
Q

An anterior joint space in a child greater than what measurement is abnormal and is considered an effusion?

A

> 5mm

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20
Q

What pathology is known as inflammation of synovial joint capsule caused by a viral infection moving to the hip?

A

Transient synovitis

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21
Q

What pathology occurs when blood supply to the femoral head is interrupted, and bone cells begin to necrosis, causing a flattened head?

A

Perthe’s disease

22
Q

Window of opportunity to treat DDH within the first?

A) 5 months
B) 6 months
C) 7 months
D) 8 months

A

6 months

23
Q

What are the risk factors of DDH?

A

First born
Female
Family history
Breeched
Oligohydramnios

24
Q

What are the normal alpha and beta angles to determine DDH?

A

Alpha - >60 degrees

Beta - <55 degrees

25
Q

What percentage is considered normal in DDH according to Morin’s method?

A

> 52%

26
Q

The iliac bone forms what portion of the acetabulum?

A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Superior
D) Inferior

A

C) Superior

27
Q

The pubis forms what portion of the acetabulum?
A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Superior
D) Inferior

A

A) Anterior

28
Q

What landmark is also known as the ‘sit bones’?

A

Ischial tuberosity

29
Q

What landmark separates the greater and lesser sciatic notch?

A

Ischial spine

30
Q

What surface of the acetabulum articulates with the femoral head?

A) Glenoid
B) Lunate
C) Articulum
D) Trochlear

A

B) Lunate surface

31
Q

The acetabulum and femoral head are lined by what kind of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

32
Q

The greater trochanter of the femur is the attachment site for what muscles?

A

Glute medius
Glue minimus
Obturator internus
Piriformis

33
Q

The lesser trochanter of the femur is the attachment site for what muscles?

A

Iliopsoas

34
Q

What facet of the greater trochanter does the gluteus minimus insert?

A

Anterior

35
Q

What facet of the greater trochanter does the gluteus medius insert?

A

Lateral & superoposterior

36
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

A

Gluteal tuberosity on femur - BELOW the trochanters and IT tract

37
Q

What is the mneumonic for the adductor muscles?

A

Alabam(a)

38
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the hamstring semi-membranosus and semi-tendinosis?

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: Proximal tibia

39
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris long head?

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: Fibular apex

40
Q

What muscles make up the iliopsoas complex?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major
Psoas minor

41
Q

What muscle is the primary hip flexor and assists in external rotation of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas

42
Q

The greater trochanteric bursae is between the insertion of what muscles?

A

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

43
Q

T or F? The greater trochanteric bursae is superficial to the gluteus maximum?

A

FALSE - it is deep

44
Q

The anterior/superior labrum of the hip can be seen between what two bones?

A

Acetabulum and femoral head

45
Q

What muscle is superior to the anterior/superior labrum?

A

Psoas muscle

46
Q

Hip effusion is classified as capsule distention at?

A) Acetabulum
B) Femoral Head
C) Femoral Neck

A

C) Femoral Neck

47
Q

What is a common pitfall when assessing the hip joint capsule for thickening?

A

If the hip is INTERNALLY rotated, it will cause capsule thickening in the absence of pathology

48
Q

Where does the iliopsoas muscle insert?

A

Femoral head

49
Q

Where does the DH and IH of the rectus femoris originate?

A

DH - AIIS
IH - Acetabulum

50
Q

Maximal bursal distention of the lateral hip will be noted where? (hint: which facet?)

A

Posterior facet of GT

51
Q

Trochanteric pain syndrome symptoms are due to what?

A

Tendinopathy of Glute minimus and medius

MSK ultrasound (9 decks)

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