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Pharmacology > Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases > Flashcards

Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

define cancer

A

abnormal cell growth that forms a tumor

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2
Q

define tumor

A

mass of tissue exceeding that of normal due to abnormal cell proliferation

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3
Q

define benign

A
  • slow growth
  • non-invasive
  • no metastasis
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4
Q

define malignant

A
  • rapid growth
  • invasive
  • metastasis
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5
Q

define metastasis

A

spreading to other body parts

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6
Q

what are the 6 hallmarks of cancer?

A
  1. self-sufficient growth signals
  2. insensitivity to anti-growth signals
  3. evading apoptosis
  4. resistance to cell cycle arrest
  5. sustained angiogenesis
  6. metastasis
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7
Q

doubling time is defined as the

A

time it take for a tumor to double in size

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8
Q

increased doubling time indicates

A
  • increased chances of metastasis
  • worse prognosis
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9
Q

cancer is ultimately considered an

A

inherited disease

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10
Q

germ-line mutations are

A

inherited forms of cancer

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11
Q

somatic mutations are

A

non-inherited carcinogen induced cancers

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12
Q

what percentage of cancer have p53 mutations?

A

over 70%

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13
Q

p53 is known as the _____________ of the genome

A

guardian

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14
Q

p53 is activated by

A

DNA damage

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15
Q

p53 elicits…. to enable….

A
  • cell cycle arrest
  • DNA repair
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16
Q

if damage is excessive p53 induces

A

apoptosis

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17
Q

w/ loss of p53 DNA damage goes

A

unrepaired

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18
Q

p53 can be inactivated by products of

A

DNA oncogenic viruses

19
Q

proto-oncogenes are normal genes that code for proteins that regulate cell

A
  • division
  • growth
  • death
20
Q

oncogenes are

A

mutated or defective versions of proto-oncogenes

21
Q

oncogenes cause

A

uncontrolled cell division and cancer

22
Q

what are the 3 objectives of chemotherapy?

A
  1. curative
  2. palliative
  3. adjuvant
23
Q

define curative

A

obtains complete remission

24
Q

define palliative

A

alleviate symptoms w/ little expectation of complete remission

25
Q

define adjuvant

A
  • improve chances of a cure
  • no detectable cancer is present
  • pre-cancerous cells are suspected
26
Q

what are the 3 main factors that influence survival rate?

A
  1. nature of cancer
  2. pharmacology
  3. patient
27
Q

alkylating agents

A

interstrand DNA binding

28
Q

antimetabolities

A

provide alternate substrates for DNA syn.

29
Q

antimitotics

A

inhibit mitosis

30
Q

antibiotics

A

disrupt DNA function

31
Q

steroid hormone

A

influences hormone effects on cells slowing growth

32
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

block GF on cells

33
Q

monoclonal antibodies are created from B-lymphocytes of the immune system this means there are

A

fewer adverse effects

34
Q

anti-angiogenics

A

interfere w/ tumor blood supply

35
Q

tumor growth is controlled by the balance between

A

angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors

36
Q

angiogenic factors are

A

secretions from cancer or other cells that cause angiogenesis

37
Q

what are 2 angiogenic factors?

A
  1. VEGF
  2. basic FGF
38
Q

what are 3 antiangiogenic factors?

A
  1. angiostatin
  2. endostatin
  3. vasculostatin
39
Q

what are 4 approaches that are considered the future of cancer therapy?

A
  1. CAR-T cell therapy
  2. immunotherapy
  3. personalized medicine
  4. epigenic drugs
40
Q

describe CAR-T cell therapy

A

extraction modification and activation of T-lymphocytes programed to attack cancer cells

41
Q

describe immunotherapy

A

cancer treatment that strengthens the immune system

42
Q

describe personalized medicine

A

specific care for patients based on genes, proteins specific to that patients body

43
Q

epigenic drugs

A

drugs that target the cancer epigenome which is the segment that regulates gene expression in cancer cells

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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