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Final Exam Prep > Comfort + Pain Management > Flashcards

Comfort + Pain Management Flashcards

1
Q

Is pain always what the patient says?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Pain is a personal experience based on what kinds of factors?

A

Psychological, biological, and social factors

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3
Q

Pain can have an adverse effect with-

A

Function + Socialization

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4
Q

Can pain occur in the absence of an obvious stimuli?

A

Yes

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5
Q

The process of sensory receptors responding to potentially damaging stimuli by sending nerve signals to the spinal cord and brain =

A

Nociception

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6
Q

Activated by thermal heat or cold =

A

Thermal Receptors

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7
Q

Activated by excess pressure of mechanical deformation (For example, skin incisions)

A

Mechanical Nociceptors

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8
Q

What’s detected by nociceptors and are transmitted into energy?

A

Noxious Stimuli

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9
Q

Whenever noxious stimuli is detected by nociceptors and are transmitted into energy, what is this process creating?

A

An Action Potential

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10
Q

What are pain signals transmitted from to the spinal cord and then the brain?

A

Nociceptors

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11
Q

Visceral structures are sensitive to-

A

Stretch, ischemia, and inflammation

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12
Q

What type of pain is diffuse, difficult to locate, and often referred to a distant, usually superficial, structure

A

Visceral Pain

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13
Q

What type of pain may be accompanied with nausea and vomiting. May be described as sickening, deep, squeezing, and dull =

A

Visceral Pain

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14
Q

What type of pain is initiated by stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, bones, tendons, blood vessels, fascia, and muscles =

A

Deep Somatic Pain

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15
Q

Does deep somatic pain include sprains and broken bones?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What type of pain can be described as a dull, aching, poorly localized pain =

A

Deep Somatic Pain

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17
Q

What type of pain is started by the activation of nociceptors in the skin or other superficial tissue + is sharp, well-defined, and clearly located =

A

Superficial Pain

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18
Q

What types of injuries produce superficial pain?

A

Minor Wounds + Minor (1st degree) Burns

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19
Q

IASP =

A

International Association for the Study of Pain

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20
Q

What type of pain is defined by the IASP as caused by a lesion or a disease of the somatosensory nervous system?

A

Neuropathic Pain

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21
Q

What kind of pain is typically described by PT’s as “burning” or “like pins and needles”?

A

Neuropathic Pain

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22
Q

What disease processes can cause neuropathic pain?

A

Diabetes Mellitus, Strokes, and HIV

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23
Q

Why is neuropathic pain generally undertreated?

A

Because it typically doesn’t respond to analgesics (painkillers)

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24
Q

What meds are usually used to combat neuropathic pain?

A

Tricyclic Anti-depressant + Gabapentin

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25
Q

If pain from retained gas in the colon causes pain to be perceived in the shoulder, does that mean that the pain is considered radiating?

A

Yes, because it is causing pain to be perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus

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26
Q

Nurses must consider what kinds of factors while assessing/providing holistic care for PT’s in pain?

A

Biological, Psychological, Social Factors

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27
Q

What kind of pain has a limited duration and is associated with a specific cause?

A

Acute Pain

28
Q

What kind of pain usually causes a physiological response resulting in increased pulse, respirations, and BP?

A

Acute Pain

29
Q

Chronic pain is ongoing and persistent for longer than-

A

6 Months

30
Q

Chronic pain usually causes a change in vital signs or diaphoresis.

True or false?

A

False, it usually doesn’t.

31
Q

What does chronic pain affect that can influence daily functioning?

A

Psychological, behavioral, and social functioning

32
Q

Osteoarthritis, spinal conditions, fibromyalgia, and peripheral neuropathy all cause what kind of pain?

A

These are all chronic conditions, so it causes chronic pain

33
Q

What kind of pain continue even after the original injury or illness has been healed/ resolved?

A

Chronic Pain

34
Q

Is it possible to suffer chronic pain even if there hasn’t been any previous injury or illness?

A

Yes

35
Q

Muscle tension, immobility, low energy, changes in appetite, and emotional pain are all effects of what kind of pain on the body?

A

Chronic Pain

36
Q

Depression, anger, and fear of re-injury are all considered to be what kind of pain?

A

Emotional Pain

37
Q

Are older adults at an increased risk for under-treatment of pain?

A

Yup

38
Q

It’s estimated that up to what percentage of older adults in the community have pain due to chronic conditions?

A

70%

39
Q

It’s estimated that up to what percentage of older adults living in long-term care centers have pain due to chronic conditions?

A

Up to 85%

40
Q

Why is pain often under-assessed in older adults?

A

Because they are less likely to report it + it can present atypically with confusion and agitation

41
Q

Is pain described as the 5th vital sign?

A

Yup

42
Q

Pain assessment and pain management began to undergo significant changes when?

A

1990s

43
Q

What trends led to liberal prescribing of opioid pain meds for acute + chronic pain?

A

Healthcare providers began focusing on pain scores

44
Q

What encouraged + incentivized the aggressive treatment of pain in the 1990s?

A

Pain Scores

45
Q

What resulted from the push to effectively manage pain?

A

An Opioid Crisis

46
Q

Do pain management and the opioid crisis continue to influence each other as they evolve?

A

Yup

47
Q

Pain treatment plans must -

A

Balance pain control, optimize functioning, and enhance quality of life all while minimizing the risk of opioid misuse

48
Q

Reduced response to pain meds when the same dose has been given repeatedly, requiring a high dose of the drug to achieve the same level of response =

A

Tolerance

49
Q

A patient is receiving morphine for palliative care, why would the dosage of the morphine need to increase over time?

A

Tolerance

50
Q

Withdrawal symptoms that occur when a chronic pain med is suddenly reduced/stopped because of physiological changes that occur to chronic exposure to a medication =

A

Physical Dependence

51
Q

What are some symptoms of withdrawal?

A

Diaphoresis (sweating), goose bumps, vomiting, anxiety, insomnia, and muscle pain

52
Q

A PT take’s someone else’s pain medication but it’s to reduce pain. Is this still considered misuse?

A

Yup

53
Q

Significant impairment/ distress from a pattern of substance use (includes alcohol, drugs, or prescription meds) =

A

Substance Abuse Disorder

54
Q

Inability to abstain, impaired behavior control, cravings, diminished recognition of problems, dysfunctional emotional response =

A

Addiction

55
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder can be characterized by using more substance than planned or using for more time than planned.

True or false?

A

True

56
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder can be characterized by an inability to cut down.

True or false?

A

True

57
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder can be characterized by cravings/ intense urges.

True or false?

A

True

58
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder can be characterized by spending a substantial amount of the day obtaining, using, or recovering.

True or false?

A

True

59
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder can be characterized by spending a large amount of money.

True or false?

A

True

60
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder can be characterized by an inability to meet important professional or social obligations.

True or false?

A

True

61
Q

How many characterizations of substance abuse disorder do you have to experience in order to have a substance abuse disorder?

A

2 or more characterizations

62
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder can be characterized by persistent usage despite knowing its causing problems.

True or false?

A

True

63
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder can be characterized by engaging in risky behaviors, like driving under the influence.

True or false?

A

True

64
Q

Pain assessment and management standards were recently revised and published when and by who?

A

2018, The Joint Commission (TJC)

65
Q

The revised standards by The Joint Commission requires hospitals to identify what as an organizational priority?

A

Pain Assessment + Pain Management (Including Safe Opioid Prescribing)

Final Exam Prep (18 decks)

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