Domestic abuse and substance misuse Flashcards
Define violence
Intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, others or group or community
That either results in or has high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation
What are the types of violence?
Self-directed: suicidal behaviour, self abuse
Interpersonal: family/partner violence, community
Collective: social, political, economic
What is domestic abuse and IPV?
Any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between intimate partners and family members
What are the differences between DV in men vs women?
Women more likely to experience increase of fear and subjected to coercive controlling behaviours
One in three women aged 16-59 will experience DA in her lifetime
2 women a week are killed by a current or former partner
What are the classic victim IPV risk characteristics?
Female gender
Younger age
Lower household income
Being single, co-habiting, separated or divorced
Alcohol consumption
Childhood abuse
Cultural norms tolerant of violence
What are the classic perpetrator IPV risk characteristics?
Experienced violence in family of origin
Fear of abandonment
Youth
Lower socioeconomic status
Unemployment
Prior assault for violent crime
What is the I3 theory of aggression?
Instigating factors: situations that normatively trigger an individual to behave aggressively
Impelling factors: psychologically prepare an individual to experience a strong urge to aggress when encountering instigation
Inhibiting factors: counteract instigating and impelling factors to mitigate urge of aggression
What is the Duluth model?
Wheel of power and control
Using intimidation
Using emotional abuse
Using isolation
Minimising, denying and blaming
Using children
Using male privilege
Using economic abuse
Using coercion and threats
Why is the Duluth model controversial?
Principled upon gender and stereotypes and presumption of guilt upon males, and females as the victim
Ignores male victims of IPV
What is the cycle of abuse?
Tensions build: abuser creates tension and the survivor’s stress builds
Incident: Abuser lashes out through physical, verbal, psychological or sexual abuse tactics to dominate the survivors
Reconciliation: abuser makes excuses or attempts to apologise. Gaslighting common
Calm: things seem peaceful, maybe even better than before
What are the thought processes behind underreporting?
- May not think they’ll be believed
- Too trivial to bother police
- Underestimating frequency and severity
- Private or family matter
- Feelings of fear, shame, embarrassment
- Fear children will be taken away
- Perpetrator always remorseful
What health disparities is IPV directly caused by?
IPV is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across all socioeconomic groups but risk of IPV increase when poor, young, socially isolated, learning difficulties, experiencing chronic mental illness
Both direct and second-hand exposure to IPV are associated with increased risk of illness
DA in pregnancy have higher risk of hypertension, vaginal bleeding, severe nausea, vomiting, kidneys infections and UITs
What is the relationship between substance misuse and DA?
Not causative or deterministic
Strong association between the two
Problematic substance misuse can exist before, during or after DA
Common feature of DA and family murders
What are the different forms of attachment in infants?
Secure
Insecure ambivalent
Insecure avoidant
Disorganised
What are the different forms of attachment in adults?
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied
Dismissive-avoidant
Fearful-avoidant
