Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurobiology of the synapse > Anatomy of a synapse > Flashcards

Anatomy of a synapse Flashcards

1
Q

What did Santiago Ramon y Cajal do?

A

He made drawings looking at the nervous system. He drew neurons, cell bodies, axons, and astrocytes. He also came up with the idea of synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Desribe the structure of a typical neuron

A

a typical neuron has soma (cell body) this is where the nucleus is located. Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the soma

A

The bulbous end of a neuron, contaning the cell nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe an axon

A

nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away fro the neuron cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe dentrites

A

A long, branch outgrowth or extension from a neuron that carries electrical signals from synapses to the cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the presynaptic terminal?

A

A specialized area within the axon of the presynaptic cell that contians neurotransmitters enclosed in synaptic vesicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does communication between neurons occur?

A

Communication between neurons occurs at the synapses. Synapses are specialized junctions. Excitatory messages cause the next cell to “fire” - and continue to carry the action potential.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of synpases?

A

Electrical and chemical synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe electrical synapses

A

Electrical transmission is mediated between neurons by clusters of intercellular channels called gap junctions. They see very rapid transmission. Electrical synapses are bidirectional as the current can flow between two neurons at these electrical synapses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Chemical synapses

A

• More common in the NS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Synpatic vesicle cycle

A

• We have synaptic vesicles that have to be docked at active zones; this docking requires a number of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proteins are important for _______________________________________

A

Synaptic Vesicle cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe neurotransmitters

A

• Chemical messengers that transmit info between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glia ________around the cell

A

wraps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the different types of glia ?

A

Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Astrocytes

A

• Found in the CNS

17
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

• Found in the CNS

18
Q

Microglia

A

•Found in the CNS

19
Q

Schwann cells

A

• Found in the PNS

20
Q

Describe how astrocytes detect and control synaptic transmission

A

• Astrocytes are in close contact with neurons

21
Q

Describe Synapses

A

specialized structures where nerve cells communicate with each other through a process called synaptic transmission.

22
Q

Why are synapses important?

A

• Synapses are functional units of the brain and are targets of many diseases and drugs.

23
Q

Active zones

A

are sites where synaptic vesislces exocytosis and fusion occurs

24
Q

Periactive zone

A

are sites where synaptic vesicles endocytsis occurs

25
Q

what are the functions that active zones perform in neurotransitter release ?

A
  1. They dock and prime synaptic vesicles
26
Q

Describe the postsynaptic density

A

• PSD is a protein-dense specialization attached to the postsynaptic membrane

27
Q

Descirbe the 4 different active zones

A
  1. Dense projections: neuromuscular junction C.elegans
28
Q

Cytoskeletal matrix assembled at Active zones (CAZ)

A

The CAZ is a proteinaceous cytomatrix that serves as an organizational platform for proteins involved in synapse assembly and regulation

29
Q

How can syanpses differ in relase probabilities?

A

Not all synapses are the same. They can differ in release probabilities, this is true across and within species.

30
Q

Name 6 reasons why synapses can differ in their release probabilities

A
  1. Active zones per synapse. More active zones lead to more neurotransmitter release.
31
Q

Some proteins found at Active zones are

A

SNARE proteins

32
Q

Domains of proteins allow them to __________________________

A

interact with each other

33
Q

describe RIM

A

• RIM binds to a synaptic vesicle called Rab3

34
Q

What happens without RIM and RIM BP

A

the Ca2+ channels are no longer in close proximity to these synaptic vesicles and the recruitment of Ca2+ channels reduces the amount of neurotransmitter release.

35
Q

describe ELKs

A

• ELKs regulate Ca2+ influx and neurotransmitter release

36
Q

Describe Liprin

A

• Liprin plays key roles in AZ formation and synaptic vesicle accumulation

37
Q

Describe Munc-13

A

• Munc-13 is an AZ protein that is essential for syanptic vesicle priming.

Neurobiology of the synapse (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions