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botany lab > Plant Vegetative > Flashcards

Plant Vegetative Flashcards

1
Q

flattened outgrowth of stem

A

leaves

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2
Q

part of leaf attached to the stem or branch; protects a bud in its axil

A

leaf base

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3
Q

part of leaf that connects the lamina with the stem

A

petiole

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4
Q

leaf that does not have a petiole

A

sessile

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5
Q

food manufacturer of the leaf; has veins; forms structural framework of the leaf

A

lamina

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6
Q

large center vein from which all other leaf veins extend

A

midrib

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7
Q

systems of tubes for the transport of nutrients and water

A

veins

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8
Q

ducts that bring water and minerals from the roots into the leaf

A

xylem

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9
Q

ducts that usually move sap

A

phloem

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10
Q

edges of leaves; assists in plant identification

A

margins

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11
Q

leaf arranged in a circle around the stem

A

whorled

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12
Q

undivided blade with a single axillary bud at the base of its petiole

A

simple leaf

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13
Q

blade divided into leaflets

A

compound leaf

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14
Q

petioles that are attached to the middle of the blade

A

peltate leaves

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15
Q

sessile leaves that surround and are pierced by stems

A

perfoliate leaves

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16
Q

first leaves produced by a germinating seed

A

cotyledons

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17
Q

leaflets are reduced in size; allows plant to cling other objects

A

tendrils

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18
Q

skin of the leaf; protects leaf from loss of too much moisture

A

epidermis

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19
Q

opened and closed by 2 guard cells; allows the plant to breathe and transpire

A

stoma

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20
Q

movement of water and minerals from the roots upward; movement of manufactured food down

A

stems

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21
Q

breathing pores of stem

A

lenticels

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22
Q

indicate where terminal bud has been located previous year

A

bud scale scars

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23
Q

show where leaf was attached; distance between the two represents one year of growth

A

leaf scars

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24
Q

separates the xylem and phloem and produces all new cells

A

cambium

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25
Q

hard, woody, pointed structures developed from terminal/axillary bud

A

thorns

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26
Q

woody curved sensitive structure formed from axillary/terminal bud

A

hooks

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27
Q

short underground stem with fleshy leaves attached

A

bulb

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28
Q

stems that cling to or wrap around other plants or structures

A

climbing

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29
Q

short, enlarged, underground stem

A

corm

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30
Q

a horizontal underground stem used mainly in reproduction, but also in storage

A

rhizome

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31
Q

horizontal, above ground stems to produce new rooted plantlets when they touch the surface

A

stolons/runners

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32
Q

swollen, underground stems used for storage

A

tuber

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33
Q

anchor plant and hold upright; absorb water and minerals from soil and conduct to stem

A

roots

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34
Q

produces new cells; protects roots as they push through soil

A

root cap

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35
Q

increases surface area of roots; facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients

A

root hair

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36
Q

easier transplanting

A

fibrous roots

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37
Q

large central roots with shorter branching roots

A

tap roots

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38
Q

hang down in mid-air and absorb water from rainfall

A

aerial roots

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39
Q

grow from unusual places on plants such as stems, leaves and even fruits

A

adventitious roots

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40
Q

grow down from lateral branches, branching in the soil

A

stilt roots

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41
Q

flowering plants

A

angiosperm

42
Q

non flowering plants, usually involves reproduction through seeds

A

gymnosperms

43
Q

have one cotyledon

A

monocots

44
Q

have two cotyledons

A

dicots

45
Q

the seed-bearing part of a plant, consisting of reproductive organs that are typically surrounded by a brightly colored corolla and a green calyx

A

flowers

46
Q

green leaf-like part that covers and protects bud before opening

A

calyx/sepal

47
Q

colorful and advertise the flower to pollinators

A

petals

48
Q

has long slender neck (style) with a sticky stigma at its tip

A

carpel

49
Q

consists of a stalk (filament) tipped by an anther; male part of flower

A

stamen

50
Q

flower stalk

A

peduncle

51
Q

part of flower stalk bearing the floral organs, at base of flower

A

receptacle

52
Q

all the sepals when formed together

A

calyx

53
Q

all the petals when formed together

A

corolla

54
Q

the pollen bearing portion of a stamen

A

anther

55
Q

grains consisting the male gametes

A

pollen

56
Q

female part of the flower; consisting of the stigma, style and ovary

A

carpel/pistil

57
Q

often sticky top of carpel, serves as a receptive surface for pollen grains

A

stigma

58
Q

the stalk of a carpel, between the stigma and the ovary, through which the pollen tube grows

A

style

59
Q

enlarged base of the carpel containing the ovule/s

A

ovary

60
Q

located in the ovaries; carries female gametes

A

ovule

61
Q

a flower containing all four modified leaves

A

complete

62
Q

a flower that lacks any of the four modified leaves

A

incomplete

63
Q

flowers bearing only male sex parts

A

staminate flowers

64
Q

flowers bearing only female sex parts

A

carpellate/pistillate flowers

65
Q

flowers bearing both male and female sex parts

A

hermaphhrodite/complete flowers

66
Q

above the attachment of the petals, sepals and stamens; also an ovary that is free from the hypanthium

A

superior ovary

67
Q

petals, sepals and stamens attached at the base of ovary

A

hypogynous

68
Q

petals, sepals and stamens on the rim of hypanthium

A

perigynous

69
Q

below the attachment of the petals, sepals and stamens; may have hypanthium adnate to top of ovary

A

inferior ovary

70
Q

petals, sepals and stamens attached at top of ovary and on the rim of hypanthium

A

epigynous

71
Q

cluster of flowers; all flowers arising from the main stem axis or peduncle

A

inflorescence

72
Q

the oldest flower terminated the main axis

A

cyme

73
Q

just one flower on the peduncle

A

solitary

74
Q

the characteristic inflorescence of the remarkable arum family; consists of a thickened, fleshy axis bearing clusters of sessile, apetalous, unisexual flowers

A

spadix

75
Q

this inflorescence has an unbranched main acid and all the pedicels of the flowers are more or less the same length

A

raceme

76
Q

the peduncle of this type of inflorescence bears all the pedicels at its apex

A

umbel

77
Q

the peduncle bears a number of primary pedicels at its apex

A

compound umbel

78
Q

this inflorescence type has a long, unbranched main axis which bears flowers which have no pedicels or very short pedicels

A

spike

79
Q

do not have pedicels; grouped together on the top of a peduncle which may be flattened or rounded

A

head

80
Q

similar to raceme, but the pedicels of the flowers are of unequal length so that the entire structure appears flat-topped

A

corymb

81
Q

like a spike, but with the flowers and inflorescence subtended by specialized bracts

A

spikelet

82
Q

the flowers are borne in a tight circle at each node

A

verticil

83
Q

ripened ovule containing the embryo

A

seed

84
Q

protects the embryo

A

seed coat

85
Q

scar from the seed being attached to the parent plant

A

hilum

86
Q

what forms the new plant once the opportune conditions are present

A

embryo

87
Q

above the cotyledon

A

epicotyl

88
Q

below the cotyledon

A

hypocotyl

89
Q

the shoot tip with a pair of miniature leaves

A

plumule

90
Q

the part of the seed where the root develops

A

radicle

91
Q

unspecialized cells that can divide indefinitely to produce new cells; usually found at the apex of root and shoot

A

meristematic tissues

92
Q

the region where meristematic cells dwell

A

meristems

93
Q

early embryonic meristem from which other advanced meristems are derived

A

promeristem

94
Q

give rise to the primary tissue systems

A

primary meristems

95
Q

derived from primary meristem permanent tissues that have the capacity of divison

A

secondary meristem

96
Q

responsible for the secondary thickening of plant organs

A

vascular cambium

97
Q

produce the periderm, secondary dermal tissues

A

cork cambium

98
Q

located at the tips of root and shoots of plants

A

apical meristem

99
Q

present at the base of leaves, nodes and internodes; help in longitudinal growth of plants

A

intercalary meristem

100
Q

lies on the side of the plant’s body; gives the plant its width or girth

A

lateral meristems

botany lab (5 decks)

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