Enzyme and Digestion

Question 1

what is a catalyst?

Answer 1

anything that speeds up chemical reactions but is not used up in the reaction

Question 2

what are enzymes made of?

Answer 2

amino acids bc they r proteins

Question 3

substrates are..

Answer 3

reactants

Question 4

where do the substrates bind?

Answer 4

active site

Question 5

what are coenzymes and cofactors

Answer 5

smaller molecules that activate some enzymes so they work

Question 6

What do inhibitors do?

Answer 6

stop enzymes from working

Question 7

whats the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?

Answer 7

competitive inhibitors bind in the active site so the substrate cannot, noncompetitive inhibitors bind elsewhere

Question 8

what denatures enzymes?

Answer 8

big pH or temperature change

Question 9

what happens when an enzyme is heated?

Answer 9

if only a little it works faster too much and it becomes denatured forever

Question 10

what happens when an enzyme is cooled

Answer 10

it will temporarily stop working but usually will work again after being warmed up

Question 11

what are the four types of macromolecules(polymers) that living things need to survive?

Answer 11

carbs made of monosaccharides, lipids made of fatty acids, proteins made of amino acids, nucleic acids made of nucleotides

Question 12

what does the mouth do?

Answer 12

mechanical digestion(chewing) chemical digestion with the enzyme amylase from saliva (breaks down starch

Question 13

what keeps food from going into your lungs?

Answer 13

epiglottis

Question 14

what is food called once it is in the stomach?

Answer 14

chyme

Question 15

what is in gastric juice?

Answer 15

hydrochloric acid and pepsin(enzyme)

Question 16

whats the pH of the stomach and how does it stay out of the rest of the body

Answer 16

pH of 2, mucus-producing cells

Question 17

pepsin breaks down…

Answer 17

proteins

Question 18

the stomach walls contract and relax to…

Answer 18

squeeze foods

Question 19

why is the small intestine called small?

Answer 19

narrower than the large intestine although it is much longer

Question 20

what happens in the duodenum?

Answer 20

most of the digestion to break down carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids

Question 21

what does the liver secrete and what does it do?

Answer 21

bile, emulsifies fats

Question 22

where do the digestive enzymes come from?

Answer 22

pancreas and duodenum

Question 23

what does the jejunum and ileum do?

Answer 23

absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

Question 24

what are villi?

Answer 24

finger-like things that stick out of the intestine walls to increase surface area

Question 25

what does the large intestine absorb?

Answer 25

water and electrolytes(salts)

Question 26

what does the gut microbiome do?

Answer 26

makes vitamins and minerals to be absorbed

Question 27

what is peristalsis?

Answer 27

contracting and relaxing of muscles that move food through digestive system

Question 28

where are sphincters and what do they do?

Answer 28

in between organs in digestive tract, open and close like valves to control the movement of chyme