Chapter 46 Digestive System Flashcards
what does the liver do?
produce bile
what does the gallbladder do?
stores and concentrates bile
what does the pancreas do?
produces pancreatic juice, digestive enzymes + bicarbonate buffer
what is the esophagus?
muscular tube connecting to the stomach , actively moves a bolus through peristalsis, contains sphincter which humans lack
what is the function of saliva?
the tongue mixes food with saliva to moisten and lubricate the food, contains salivary amylase which initiates breakdown of starch
what is the stomach?
saclike portion of tract, convoluted surface allows expansion, contains 3rd layer of smooth muscles for mixing food + gastric juice
what are the 3 kinds of secreting cells in the stomach?
mucus, parietal, pepsinogen
what happens inside the stomach?
low ph helps denature food proteins
pepsin=polypeptides=small peptides
what makes up the small intestine?
consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
receives chyme from stomach and digestive enzymes from pancreas
what happens in absorption?
amino acids and monosaccharides are transported through epithelial cells to blood, blood carries these to liver via hepatic portal vein, fatty acids dissolve into epithelial cells
what makes up the large intestine?
much shorter than small intestine but larger diameter, function to reabsorb water, remaining electrolytes, and vitamin k, prepare waste for expulsion
what is the regulation of the digestive tract?
gastrointestinal activities are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine system
