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MLA 117 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe fixation

A

Adhering cellular material to a microscope slide to prepare for staining

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2
Q

Describe how fixation effects cells

A

Fixation causes cellular proteins to coagulate so cellular material sticks to the slide in a cells most natural state with minimal distortion

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3
Q

What (2) materials can be used to fix slides for a gram stain

A

Methanol for 1 minute
Heat- 2-3 flames on a Bunsen burner

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4
Q

Microbiology

A

The study of microorganisms

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5
Q

Microorganisms that are cellular

A

Bacteria fungi and parasites

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6
Q

Acellular organisms

A

Viruses, prions

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7
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Organisms that lack nuclear membrane and who’s nuclear material consists of a single “naked” strand of DNA

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8
Q

Describe Bacteria
Size
Classification
Location & population size

A

0.4-0.2 um in diameter
Prokaryotes
Most abundant organisms on earth
Are ubiquitous

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9
Q

Ubiquitous

A

Found everywhere

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10
Q

Pathogens

A

Bacteria capable of causing disease in man animals and plants

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11
Q

Bacteriology

A

The study of bacteria

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12
Q

Shapes of bacteria

A

Cocci- circles
Bacilli- oval-esk with flagellum
Spirilla- squiggly

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13
Q

Ways bacteria group together

A

Pairs
Chains
Clusters

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14
Q

Mycology

A

Study of fungi

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15
Q

Mycodes

A

Infection caused by fungi

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16
Q

Why is fungi not apart of the plant kingdom

A

Fungi have chitin in their walls and do not contain chlorophyll

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17
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organism with a nucleus- chromosomes bound by a nuclear membrane

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18
Q

Describe Yeasts
Multi or single celled?
Size
Reproductive habit

A

Unicellular organisms
8 um in diameter
Reproduce by budding

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19
Q

Describe molds
Growing pattern
Approximate size
Source of nutrients
Positive use

A

Long chains of cells
10- 40 um
Require a host to provide nutrients
Provide antimicrobial substances

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20
Q

Parasitology

A

The study of parasites

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21
Q

Describe parasites
Classification
Single or multi celled
Size

A

Eukaryotic
Both single and multi celled organisms
Microscopic

22
Q

Single celled parasites

A

Protozoa

23
Q

Multi celled parasites

A

Metazoa

24
Q

Describe Viruses
Source of nutrition
Cellular makeup
Size

A

Requires a host for nutrition and replication
A strand of DNA or RNA in a protein coat
18-350nm

25
Q

Virology

A

The study of viruses

26
Q

True or false
Will viruses grow on artificial media culture

A

False- requires live host for nutrition

27
Q

What stain makes gram positive bacteria purple

A

Crystal violet

28
Q

What stain makes gram negative bacteria pink

A

Safranin

29
Q

What cell wall component is different between gram positive and gram negative cells

A

Peptidoglycan

30
Q

The cell wall compound peptidoglycan is thick in a gram __________ cell

The cell wall compound peptidoglycan is thin in a gram __________ cell

A

The cell wall compound peptidoglycan is thick in a gram positive cell

The cell wall compound peptidoglycan is thin in a gram thin cell

31
Q

How does Crystal Violet bond with cells

A

Forms ionic bonds with protoplasm of cells

32
Q

How does Grams Iodine affect cells

A

Traps crystal violet in organisms by forming a water-insoluble crystal violet-iodine complex

33
Q

Is grams iodine a stain

A

No- it has little affinity for cell protoplasm

34
Q

What reagent is de-colourization done with

A

95% ethanol
1-3% acetone
Ether

35
Q

How does ethanol effect gram positive cells

A

The thick peptidoglycan layer closes pores of the cell, trapping the large crystal violet-iodine complexes in the cell
(cell stays purple)

36
Q

How does ethanol effect gram negative cells

A

the peptidoglycan layer is thin and the outer membrane is dissolved so the cell becomes leaky and looses the crystal violet-iodine complex’s
(Cell becomes clear)

37
Q

What step in the staining process is the most critical

A

Decolorization

38
Q

What happens when gram-negative cells are under-decolorized

A

They stay purple in the completed gram stain

39
Q

What happens when gram positive bacteria are over-decolourized

A

Will appear pink after in the completed stain

40
Q

What is the usual counter stain in a gram stain

A

Safranin

41
Q

What organism is isolated on a staph streak

A

Hymophilus influenzae

42
Q

Bacteria that require increased carbon dioxide for growth

A

Capnophiles

43
Q

MSU stands for

A

Mid stream urine

44
Q

Mead is type a staph streak is made on

A

Blood agar plate

45
Q

A fastidious bacteria that requires a charcoal transport swab for transport and a modified TM plate for growth

A

Neisseria gonorrheae

46
Q

Medical condition caused by pertussis

A

Whooping cough

47
Q

SS infection stands for ______, caused by poultry and eggs

A

Salmonella shigella

48
Q

————— albicans is responsible for many yeast infections

A

Candida

49
Q

Another name for pinworm

A

Enterobiom vermicularis

50
Q

Berber fever is also known as

A

Giardia lamblia

51
Q

Hamburger disease is also known as

A

E. Coli 0157:H7

MLA 117 (4 decks)

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