Spine and trunk muscles

Question 1

longus colli

Answer 1

O: anterior surface of Transverse processes of C3-5 AND anterior bodies of C5-T3
I: anterior arch of C1 and anterior bodies of C2-C4
A: bilaterally upper C-spine flexoin
unilateral anterior stability to C-spine

Question 2

longus capitis

Answer 2

O: anterior surface of Transverse processes of C3-6
I: basilar part of occiptal bone
A: bilaterally upper C spine flexion

Question 3

rectus capitits anterios

Answer 3

O: root of transverse process, anterior surface of atlas
I: interior surface of basilar part of occiput bone
A: cervical flexion, ipsilateral rotation

Question 4

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 4

O: mastoid process
I: sternum (medial) and clavicular (lateral)
A: extension of upper C spine and flexion of lower C spine
unilaterally: contralateral rotation of the head and C spine

Question 5

scalene anterior

Answer 5

O: TPs C3-C6
I: 1st rib
A: flecion of C spine, contralateral rotation of the head and C spine

Question 6

scalene medius

Answer 6

O: TPs C2-C7
I: 1st rib, posterior to ant scalene
A: flexion of C spine, contralateral rotation of the head and C spine

Question 7

scalene posterior

Answer 7

O: TP C5-C7
I: 2nd rib
A: extension. of C spine, contralateral rotation of the head and C spine

Question 8

splenius capitis

Answer 8

O: SP’s C7-T4, ligamentum nuchae
I: mastoid process
A: extension of C spine, ipsilateral rotation of C spine

Question 9

splenius cervicis

Answer 9

O: SP T3-T6
I: TP C1-C3
A:extension of C spine, ipsilateral rotation of C spine

Question 10

semispinalis capitis

Answer 10

O: TPs
I: SP’s and nuchal line 6-8 levels up and occiput
A: extension of spine, contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 11

semispinalis cervicis

Answer 11

O: TPs
I: SP’s and nuchal line 6-8 levels up
A: extension of spine, contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 12

erector spinae: iliocostalis cervicis

Answer 12

O: ribs 3-7
I: TP of C4-6
A: extension, ipsilateral lateral flex and rotation of spine

Question 13

erector spinae: longissimus cervicis

Answer 13

O: TP T1-5
I: TP C2-6
A: extension, ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of spine

Question 14

erector spinae: spinalis cervicis

Answer 14

O: SPs and vertebral bodies
I: SPs and vertebral bodies
A: extension

Question 15

multifidus

Answer 15

O: TPs
I: SPs 3-4 levels up
A: extension of spine, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 16

rotatores

Answer 16

O: TPs
I: SP 1-2 levels up
A: extension of spine, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 17

quadratus lumborum

Answer 17

O: iliac crest
I: L1-L4 transverse processes, 12th rib
A: thoracic/lumbar side bending, hip hiking

Question 18

rectus abdominis

Answer 18

O: pubis symphasis
I: sternum and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
A: flexion of trunk

Question 19

external oblique

Answer 19

O: ribs 5-12
I: iliac crest and inguinal ligament
A: flexion of trunk, contralateral rotation of spine

Question 20

internal oblique

Answer 20

O: iliac crest and inguinal ligament
I: pubis and linea alba via aponeurosis
A: flexion of trunk, ipsilateral rotation of spine

Question 21

transverse abdominis

Answer 21

O: ribs 6-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I: pubis and linea alba via aponeurosis
A: flattens abdominal wall

Question 22

psoas major and minor

Answer 22

O: All lumbar vertebrae & Transverse process
of T12
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion, trunk flexion

Question 23

iliacus

Answer 23

O: iliac crest & iliac fossa
I:esser trochanter of femur & psoas
major
A: hip flexion