classical conditioning

Question 1

where did classical conditioning originate from?

Answer 1

Pavlov’s work

Question 2

stimulus response learning

Answer 2

a stimulus is something that produces a response. in classical conditioning the response is a reflex.

Question 3

when does classical conditioning occur?

Answer 3

when we learn that two things happen together - we assosciate them with each other.

Question 4

explain the UCS?

Answer 4

unconditioned stimulus - the stimulus which automatically triggers a specific reflex

Question 5

explain the UCR?

Answer 5

unconditional response - the automatic refelex response to the unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

explain the NS?

Answer 6

neutral stimulus - a stimulus which would not normally trigger a specific reflex response

Question 7

explain the CS?

Answer 7

conditioned stimulus - the NS now triggers the reflex response

Question 8

explain the CR?

Answer 8

conditioned response - this is the learned response

Question 9

explain forward/delayed conditioning?

Answer 9

the NS is presented before the UCS, but is still present when UCS presented

Question 10

trace conditioning?

Answer 10

the NS is presented before the UCS, but stops before the UCS is presented

Question 11

simultaneous conditioning?

Answer 11

the NS and UCS are presented simultaneous

Question 12

backwards conditioning?

Answer 12

the NS comes after the UCS

Question 13

what is higher order conditioning?

Answer 13

response occurs to a neutral stimulus because it has been associated with a conditioned stimulus rathen than an unconditional stimulus

Question 14

whats the first step of classical conditioning?

Answer 14

starts with an unconditioned stimulus which automatically provokes an unconditioned response

Question 15

why unconditioned?

Answer 15

bound to happen

Question 16

what is the second step in cc?

Answer 16

the UCS is then paired with a netral stimulus, at this stage it does not yet produce the response

Question 17

what is the third step in cc?

Answer 17

after a few pairings the NS on its own produces the response and at this stage the NS becomes a conditioned stimulus, the response is now a conditioned response

Question 18

spontaneous recovery?

Answer 18

the association sometimes recurrs for no apparent reason after extinction, after spontaneous recovery the association does diminish quickly.

Question 19

when does extinction occurs?

Answer 19

occurs when the association between the UCS and the CS no longer occurs

Question 20

explain stimulus discrimination?

Answer 20

conditioning can be focused in on a specific stimulus, e.g, pavlov conditioned the specific tone of the bell by providing other tones with no food.

Question 21

explain stimulus generalisation?

Answer 21

the stimulus that evokes the conditioned response is specific. however, it has been found that there can be stimulus generalisation which means that a stimulus similar to the specific one can elicit the conditioned response