Camcer

Question 1

Tumour

Answer 1

Any kind of mass forming lesion
Can be neoplastic or heterotopias

Question 2

Neoplasm

Answer 2

Autonomous growth of tissue which have escaped normal, constraints on cell proliferation

Question 3

Neoplasms can be

Answer 3

Benign or malignant

Question 4

Hamartomas

Answer 4

Localized benign overgrowths of one or more mature cell types eg in ,lungs
Architectural

Question 5

Heterotopias

Answer 5

Normal tissue found in parts of body where they aren’t normally present
Eg onacreas in large intestines

Question 6

Classification of neoplasm

Answer 6

Chondromas if benign
Chondrosarcomas if malignant
Oma means benign and sarcoma means malignant (soft tissue)

Question 7

Type of epithelium

Answer 7

Squamous- squamous papilloma//squamous cell carcinoma//

Glandular-adenoma//adenocarcinoma

Transitional-transitional papilloma//transitional cell carcinoma

Question 8

Haemotological

Answer 8

Lymphocytes-lymphoma malignant

Bone marrow-leukaemia malignant

Question 9

Teratomas

Answer 9

Tumours derived from germ cells and can contain tissue from all 3 germ cell layers

Question 10

Invasion

Answer 10

Direct extension into adjacent connective tissue or other structures we blood vessels

Question 11

Metastasis

Answer 11

Spread via blood vessels to other parts of the body

Question 12

Differentiation

Answer 12

How much does the architecture of the tumour resembles the architecture of the tissue it is derived from

Question 13

By which routes do tumors spread

Answer 13

Direct extensions
Haemotogenous
Lymphatic
Perineural
Transcoelomic

Question 14

Direct extension

Answer 14

Associated with stromal response to tumour

Question 15

Haematogenous

Answer 15

Via blood vessels
Blood vessels invaded are venules and capillaries as they have thin walls
OST sarcomas metastise via blood vessels

Question 16

Lymphatic

Answer 16

Via lymph nodes and beyond

Question 17

Transcoelomic

Answer 17

Via seeding of body cavities
Common examples are pleural cavities

Question 18

Perineural

Answer 18

Via nerves

Question 19

Tumor spreads

Answer 19

T= tumour size or local invasion
N=nodes:number of lymph nodes involved
M=metastases presence of distant metastases

Question 20

Grade and stage

Answer 20

Grade is how differentiated the tumour is stage is how far the tumour has differentiated