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MBG 2040 Molecular Biology > Chapter 12: DNA Replication > Flashcards

Chapter 12: DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the measurements for DNA double helix?

A
  • 0.34 nm between stacked bases
  • 3.4 nm per helical turn
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2
Q

How many bp per turn?

A

10

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3
Q

What kind of conservation is dna?

A

semi-conservative

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4
Q

Theta replication characteristic?

A

Bidirectional
circular dna (bacteria)

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5
Q

Rolling circle characteristic

A

Unidirectional
viruses

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6
Q

Linear chromosome replication characteristics?

A

Bidirectional
eukaryotes

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7
Q

What are the four things dna replication requires?

A

DNA pol
four dNTPs
single dna strand
RNA primer (provides 3’OH end to initiate dna synth)

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8
Q

Which direction is DNA synthesis?

A

5’->3’

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9
Q

How are DNA strands held together?

A

H-bonds

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10
Q

Leading strand vs lagging strand

A

leading strand is the same direction of unwinding and is a continuous dna strand
lagging strand is opposite to the direction of unwinding and is a non continuous dna fragments (okazaki)

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11
Q

What is DnaA protein?

A

initiator proteins that bind to oriC and cause a short stretch of dna to unwind

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12
Q

What is the oriC composed of?

A

prok - AT rich region and four DnaA binding sites

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13
Q

What does helicase do?

A

prok - binds to single stranded dna and disrupts hydrogen bonding between bp (unwinds and travels on lagging strand)

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14
Q

what do single-stranded binding proteins do?

A

prok - prevent the dna from creating hairpins

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15
Q

What does gyrase do?

A

prok - makes double stranded breaks in the dna to relieve torsional strain from unwinding

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16
Q

what does primase do?

A

prok - synthesizes short rna primer that provides 3’OH end for Dna pol to begin synthesis (primase binds to helicase)

17
Q

What do Pol I and III do?

A

prok
Pol III - has 5’->3’ pol activity and 3’->5’ exo activity (fix mistakes)
Pol I - has 5’->3’ pol activity and 3’->5’ exo activity (fix mistakes) and 5’->3’ exo activity can remove rna primer and replace it with dna

18
Q

what does ligase do?

A

prok - makes phosphidiester bonds between okazaki fragments

19
Q

What are the 8 components of Dna synthesis in prokaryotes

A

DnaA (initiator protein)
helicase
single-strand binding proteins
gyrase
primase
pol III
pol I
ligase

20
Q

What are the 5 unique aspects of euk replication?

A
  1. helicase binds to double stranded dna
  2. pol alpha - primase activity (makes primer)
  3. pol epsilon - performs leading strand rep
  4. pol delta - performs lagging strand rep
  5. telomeres shorten at each round of dna rep
21
Q

what does telomerase do?

A

euk
extends 3’ end of dna eukaryotic chromosome ends (telomere problem)

22
Q

what are shorter telomeres a cause of?

A

death and certain diseases

MBG 2040 Molecular Biology (4 decks)

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