GEO 101 EXAM 4

Question 1

Mass wasting

Answer 1

The gravitationally caused downslope transport of rock, regolith, snow or ice

Question 2

Soil Creep

Answer 2

the slow mass wasting process of soil on a slope, under the influence of gravity

Question 3

Slump

Answer 3

a form of mass wasting that occurs when a coherent mass of loosely consolidated materials or a rock layer moves a short distance down a foot of the slope.

Question 4

Head scarp

Answer 4

The distinct step along the upslope edge of a slump where the regolith detached.

Question 5

Rock slide

Answer 5

A sudden downslope movement of rock

Question 6

Turbidity Current

Answer 6

A submarine avalanche of sediment and water that speeds up down a submarine slope.

Question 7

Angle of Repose

Answer 7

the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane on which the material can be piled without slumping

Question 8

Stream

Answer 8

A ribbon of water that flows in a channel

Question 9

Flood

Answer 9

An event, during which the volume of water in a stream becomes so great that it covers areas outside the streams, normal channel

Question 10

Headwater

Answer 10

The beginning point of a stream

Question 11

Dendritic Drainage Network

Answer 11

A drainage network, whose interconnecting streams, resemble the pattern of branches, connecting to a deciduous tree

Question 12

Trellis Drainage Network

Answer 12

A drainage system that develops across a landscape of parallel valleys and ridges so that major tributaries flow down the valleys and join a trunk stream that cuts through the ridges.

Question 13

Radial Drainage Network

Answer 13

individual streams radiate outward and down from a central high point such as a volcanic cinder cone.

Question 14

Parallel Drainage Network

Answer 14

A pattern of rivers caused by steep slopes with some relief

Question 15

Rectangular Drainage Network

Answer 15

A drainage network in which the streams join each other at right angles because of a rectangular grid of fractures that’s breaks up that ground into channels.

Question 16

Watershed

Answer 16

The region that collects water that feeds into a given drainage network

Question 17

Drainage Divide

Answer 17

A ridge that separates one watershed from another

Question 18

Continental Divide

Answer 18

A Highland separating drainage that flows into one ocean from drainage that flows into another 

Question 19

Saltation

Answer 19

The movement of a sediment in which grains, bounce along their substrate, knocking other grains into the water column in the process

Question 20

Bedload

Answer 20

large particles such as sand, and pebbles, that bounce or roll along a stream bed.

Question 21

Suspended Load

Answer 21

Tiny soild grains carried along by a stream without settling to the floor of the channel.

Question 22

Dissolved Load

Answer 22

Ions dissolved in a streams water

Question 23

Point Bar

Answer 23

A wedge-shaped deposit of sediment on the inside bank of a meander.

Question 24

Flood Plain

Answer 24

The flat land on either side of a stream that becomes covered with water during a flood

Question 25

Delta

Answer 25

A wedge of sediment formed at a river mouth when the running water of the stream enters standing water. The current slows the stream, loses, competence and sediments settles out.

Question 26

Meander

Answer 26

A snake-like curve along a stream’s course

Question 27

Bathymetry

Answer 27

Variation in depth

Question 28

Longshore Drift

Answer 28

The movement of sediment laterally along a beach

Question 29

Sand spit

Answer 29

An area where the beach stretches out into open water across the mouth of a bay or estuary

Question 30

Emergent Coast

Answer 30

A coast where the land is rising relative to sea level or sea level is falling relative to the land 

Question 31

Submergent Coast

Answer 31

A coast at which the land is sinking relative to sea level.

Question 32

Sinkhole

Answer 32

A circular depression in the land, that forms when an underground cavern collapses

Question 33

Porosity

Answer 33

The volume of empty space in a material,usually expressed as a percentage

Question 34

Permeability

Answer 34

The degree to which a material allows fluids to pass through it via interconnected network of pores and cracks

Question 35

Aquifer

Answer 35

Sediment or rock, that transmits water easily

Question 36

Auquitard

Answer 36

Sediment or rock that does not transmit water easily, and therefore retards the motion of water

Question 37

water table

Answer 37

the level below which the ground is saturated with water.

Question 38

Saline Intrusion

Answer 38

the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to groundwater quality degradation

Question 39

Subsidence

Answer 39

the gradual caving in or sinking of an area of land.

Question 40

Karst

Answer 40

A region underlay by caves in limestone bedrock