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PSY1016 Biological Psychology with Research Methods 1 > 2- Brain Regions > Flashcards

2- Brain Regions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 structures in the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Formatio reticulus/reticular formation
Medulla oblongata

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2
Q

How many neurons in the brain are in the cerebellum?

A

50%

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3
Q

What is the cerebellum composed of?

A

White and grey matter

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4
Q

When is the cerebellum important?

A

For voluntary movement, motor learning, body position

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5
Q

Where is the pons?

A

On top of the brainstem

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6
Q

The pons is the bridge connecting what?

A

The cerebrum to the medulla oblongata and cerebellum

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7
Q

How many nuclei are contained in the formatio reticulus?

A

90+

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8
Q

What does the formatio reticulus do?

A

Regulate activity/sleep

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9
Q

What does the medulla oblongata relay?

A

Motor and sensory signals between higher brain regions and spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the main role of the medulla oblongata?

A

Reflex control centre

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11
Q

What are the 4 main structures in the midbrain?

A

Superior colliculus
Substantia nigra
Red nucleus
Inferior colliculus

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12
Q

What is the superior colliculus responsible for?

A

Visual processing

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13
Q

What is the substantia nigra responsible for?

A

Voluntary movement control

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14
Q

What is the red nucleus responsible for?

A

Auditory control

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15
Q

What is contained in the inferior colliculus? (2)

A

Tectum and tegmentum

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16
Q

2 parts of the forebrain

A

Diencephalon and telencephalon

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17
Q

2 structures within the diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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18
Q

What is the gateway of the cortex?

A

The thalamus

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19
Q

Where do all sensory pathways relay?

A

The thalamus

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20
Q

What 3 things does the hypothalamus control?

A

Homeostasis and hormones
Autonomic nervous system by releasing hormones
Pineal gland

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21
Q

How many cerebral hemispheres are in the telencephalon?

A

2

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22
Q

What are the 4 key features of the telencephalon?

A

Cortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system
Cortical folding

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23
Q

What 4 structures does the basal ganglia contain?

A

Striatum
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra

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24
Q

What does the basal ganglia control?

A

Voluntary movement

25
Q

Where are the multiple closed loop circuits between?

A

Between the basal ganglia and the cortex

26
Q

What does the limbic system control? (4 points)

A

Emotions
Learning and memory
Emotional memories
Recognition of emotions in others

27
Q

6 structures within the limbic system

A

Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Cingulate cortex
Anterior thalamus
Mamillary bodies

28
Q

Why does the brain have many cortical folds?

A

To fit more information in the brain

29
Q

How is surface area increased?

A

By cortical folding

30
Q

What are gyri?

A

Convolutions or bumps, protruding rounded surfaces

31
Q

What are sulci?

A

Valley between gyri

32
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A very deep sulcus

33
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

The fissure that divides two hemispheres

34
Q

What is the central (Rolandic) sulcus?

A

The sulcus that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

35
Q

What is the Sylvian (lateral) fissure?

A

The fissure that divides the temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe

36
Q

The 4 brain lobes

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

37
Q

Which is the largest and latest brain lobe to mature?

A

The frontal lobe

38
Q

Why is the frontal lobe known as the ‘executive’ brain?

A

Because it is responsible for planning and guiding behaviour

39
Q

3 functional areas in the frontal lobe

A

Orbifrontal cortex
Broca’s area
Motor cortex

40
Q

What is the orbifrontal cortex responsible for? (4 points)

A

Guiding behaviour, reward, personality insight, foresight

41
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

A

Motor mechanisms of speech formation

42
Q

Why is the parietal lobe also known as the association cortex?

A

It integrates sensory information from multiple modalities

43
Q

3 functional areas of the parietal lobe

A

Primary somatosensory cortex
Cortical association area
Spatial processing

44
Q

What 2 things is the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Somatosensory reception
Integration and processing of sensory information

45
Q

What is in the cortical association area?

A

The inferior parietal gyrus

46
Q

What are the 2 things that the temporal lobe is responsible for?

A

Language processing
Long-term memory/knowledge

47
Q

3 functional areas in the temporal lobe

A

Primary auditory cortex
Wernicke’s area
Parahippocampal gyrus

48
Q

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Language and reading skills

49
Q

What is the parahippocampal gyrus responsible for?

A

Learning and memory

50
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Vision

51
Q

1 functional area in the occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex

52
Q

What does the corpus callosum allow?

A

Communication between hemispheres

53
Q

What is the corpus callosum made up of?

A

A bundle of white matter tracts

54
Q

Where does the corpus callosum project information?

A

Between the 2 hemispheres, and between the anterior and posterior

55
Q

4 brain barrier systems

A

Skull
Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid
Blood-brain barrier

56
Q

What are the 3 key features of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Buoyancy
Protection
Chemical stability

57
Q

How does cerebrospinal fluid help buoyancy?

A

Allows brain to maintain density without being impaired by its own weight

58
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Enlarged ventricles push brain tissue towards skull, CSF puts pressure on brain

59
Q

How does the blood-brain barrier protect brain tissue?

A

Tightly packed blood vessels only allow certain molecules to pass through

PSY1016 Biological Psychology with Research Methods 1 (34 decks)

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