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Abnormal Psych > Chap. 4: Clinical Assessment & Diagnosis > Flashcards

Chap. 4: Clinical Assessment & Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological assessment

A

procedure by which clinicians, using psychological tests, observation, and interviews, develop a summary of the clients’s symptoms and problems

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2
Q

Clinical diagnosis

A

process through which a clinician arrives at a general summary classification of the patient’s symptoms

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3
Q

Presenting problem

A
  • major symptom and behavior the client is experiencing
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4
Q

Psychosocial

A
  • personality
  • social factors
  • medical factors
  • psychiatric factors
  • important life events
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5
Q

Trust and rapport

A
  • Rapport: the quality of the therapeutic relationship, known as the alliance, between the therapist and patient
  • successful assessment often requires a client to be comfortable and trust them
  • informed consent regarding confidentiality
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6
Q

Reliability

A

degree to which an assessment measure produces the same result each time it is used to evaluate the same thing

  • results are consistent
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7
Q

validity

A
  • extent to which a measuring instrument actually measures what it is supposed to measure
  • results satisfy objectives
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8
Q

Standardization

A
  • process by which a psychological test is administered, scored, and interpreted in a consistent or “standard” manner
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9
Q

Assessment Instruments: structured interview

A
  • more controlled, reliable data
  • allows responses to be quantified
  • take longer to administer
  • some questions might be irrelevant to client
  • overly detailed or irrelevant questions frustrating to client
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10
Q

Assessment Instruments: unstructured interview

A
  • typically subjective
  • moves from general questions to detailed follow-up questions specific to the client
  • possibility of missing important questions
  • too uncontrolled for research purposes
  • clients might view this as more sensitive to their needs
  • valuable, spontaneous information that would not emerge in structured interview
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11
Q

Assessment Instruments: clinical observation

A
  • direct observation of a client’s characteristic behavior
  • Mental Status Exam: objective description of a person’s appearance and behavior
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12
Q

Assessment Instruments: self-monitoring

A
  • ask the client to monitor various thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and triggers throughout the week in their natural life
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13
Q

Assessment Instruments: neuropsychological testing

A
  • indirect means of assessing individual characteristics
  • subject’s responses to stimuli in comparison to others w/ comparable demographic characteristics
  • Tests for: memory, intelligence, attention, executive functioning
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14
Q

Objective Personality Tests

A
  • structured tests that use self-report questionnaires or rating scales
    - more controlled than projective tests, better
    reliability and precision
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15
Q

Objective Personality Tests: examples

A
  • Neurotocism-Extraversion-Openess Personality Inventory (NEO-PI)
    - provides info on the major dimensions in
    personality
  • Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCM-III)
    - evaluates underlying personality dimensions
    among clients in treatment
  • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
    (MMPI-3 is most recent)
    - most widely used personality test for clinical
    and forensic assessment
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16
Q

Intergration

A
  • multiple assessment measures often used for one patient
  • basis for treatment recommendations
  • continue to integrate ongoing assessment data on the patient’s progress throughout treatment
17
Q

Routine Outcome Monitoring

A
  • Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) is the term used for the process of monitoring patient treatment progression by collecting patient feedback during treatment
  • ROM doesn’t refer to one assessment instrument, a therapist could use any assessment that they believe fits the client’s needs the best
18
Q

Ethical Issues in Assessment

A
  • cultural bias
  • theoretical orientation
  • underemphasis on external situation
  • insufficient validation
  • inaccurate data or premature evaluation
19
Q

Models of Classification: Categorical Approach

A
  • assumes that all human behavior can be divided into the categories of healthy and disordered
  • within the disordered, there are discrete, non-overlapping types of disorders
  • e.g., DSM-5
20
Q

Models of Classification: dimensional approach

A
  • assumes that behavior is the product of different intensities of behavior along several different dimensions
    - mood, emotional stability, aggressiveness, gender identity, anxiousness, social introversion, etc.
  • e.g., RDoC

Abnormal Psych (10 decks)

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