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FA Pharmacology > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 major classes of antibiotics

A

B-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins)
Phenicols
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Sulfas
Fluoroquinolones

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2
Q

Time dependent antibiotics require levels above MIC for more than _____% of the dosing interval

A

75%

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3
Q

T/F: it is imperative that concentration dependent antibiotics remain above the MIC for most of the dosing interval

A

False - time above MIC doesn’t matter for concentration dependent drugs

Levels several times the MIC can even increase the drugs effectiveness

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4
Q

Name the 2 classes of cidals

A

Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones

I remember this by those bugs are “dead AF”

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5
Q

Which class of antibiotic can fit into both the static and cidal group?

A

Penicillins

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6
Q

Spectrum of penicillin

A

Gram (+) and anaerobes

According to Currin, “it’s one of the best antimicrobials against anaerobes we have”

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7
Q

What is the APPROPRIATE dose of PPG?

A

Appropriate dose: 3.5CC/100lb IM QD/BID

Labeled for 1CC/100lb (not nearly enough)

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8
Q

Why do we recommend testing milk following PPG administration in dairy cows?

A

PPG MW is highly variable

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9
Q

How does using 3.5CC/100lb dose of PPG change the slaughter withdrawal?

A

30 days! (Compared to the label 10d)

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10
Q

What is special about ampicillin’s formulation?

A

Comes as a powder that you can add 3 different volumes of water to create varying concentrations

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11
Q

What is the advantage to using ampicillin over PPG in a dairy situation?

A

Ampicillin has a shorter MW (48h); if given PPG, milk must be tested

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12
Q

What generation cephalosporin is ceftiofur?

A

3rd

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13
Q

T/F: Ceftiofur works well against gram (-) and some gram (+)

A

True

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14
Q

Discuss the weird regulations that go along with 3rd generation cephalosporins

A

Can adjust INDICATION, but not dose, route, or duration

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15
Q

Why is excenel the #1 used antimicrobial in dairy medicine?

A

NO MW <3

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16
Q

Excede is the ____acting version of ceftiofur

A

Long

17
Q

What specific bacteria does Excede last 7-10d against?

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

Excede is good for respiratory disease

18
Q

Where is excede injected?

A

Base of the ear

(Used to be given in the middle 1/3 of the ear, but that’s changed)

19
Q

T/F: Florfenicol is the “idiot” antibiotic per Dr. Currin

A

True :)

20
Q

What is the best drug we have for penetrating the BBB?

A

Florfenicol

21
Q

Resflor = _______ + _______

A

Flunixin + Florfenicol

22
Q

Why is it important to give IV nuflor slowly?

A

Animal risks going down if given too quickly
Propylene glycol suspected to cause this

23
Q

T/F: daily injections of Tilmicosin (Micotil) will prolong your life by 30 years

A

FALSE - could actually kill you - how fun :’)

Can also kill piggies

24
Q

Tulathromycin, Tilmicosin, Gamithromycin and Tildipirosin are all members of which antibiotic class?

A

Macrolides

25
Q

Why shouldn’t macrolides be used in lactating dairy cows?

A

Affinity for fatty tissue and incredibly long withdrawals

26
Q

What are the most common indications for oxytetracycline?

A

Foot rot
Pink eye

27
Q

Spectrum of activity of tetracyclines…

A

Gram (+) and (-)

28
Q

T/F: Macrolides are commonly used for metaphylaxis and treatment of respiratory disease.

A

True

29
Q

What antibiotic class do we use to treat for coccidia?

A

Sulfas!

30
Q

What does the FDA restriction say about the use of fluoroquinolones?

A

Can only be used according to the label

31
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of fluoroquinolones?

A

Gram (-)

32
Q

T/F: Macrolides maintain higher concentrations for longer in the plasma than they do the lungs.

A

False - Macrolides love the lungs

33
Q

T/F: The route of administration of oxytetracycline has minimal effect on pharmacokinetics.

A

False - Oxytetracycline given IV reaches higher serum levels than IM. IM/SQ can be used when treating things like foot rot, but if you’re dealing with a toxic mastitis, should be giving IV.

FA Pharmacology (14 decks)

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