exam 2 - stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination

Question 1

prejudice

Answer 1

a hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in that group (affective)

Question 2

discrimination

Answer 2

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members (behavioral)

Question 3

stereotypes

Answer 3

a generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members (cognitive)

Question 4

modern racism

Answer 4

-prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs
-a more subtle, more socially acceptable form of racism

Question 5

benevolent racism and sexism

Answer 5

subjectively positive evaluations that may inadvertently undermine agency

Question 6

realistic group conflict theory

Answer 6

actual competition for resources or competing goals between groups leads to conflict that then fosters stereotyping and prejudice

Question 7

the robbers cave experiment

Answer 7

study on reducing prejudice through cooperation
-step 1: form ingroup
-step 2: competition with outgroup
-step 3: cooperation between groups with superordinate goals

Question 8

the “jigsaw” classroom

Answer 8

study on reducing prejudice through cooperation
-students have to work together to get all content for test

Question 9

minimal group paradigm

Answer 9

researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these “minimal groups” are inclined to behave toward one another

Question 10

social identity theory

Answer 10

a person’s self-concept and self-esteem derive not only from personal identity and accomplishments but also from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person belongs

Question 11

basking in reflected glory

Answer 11

taking pride in the accomplishments of other people in one’s group, such as when sports fans identify with a winning team

Question 12

outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 12

perception of outgroup members as being more similar to one another than ingroup members

Question 13

paired distinctiveness

Answer 13

the pairing of 2 distinctive events that stand out even more because they occur together

Question 14

subtyping

Answer 14

creating a category for expectations when you encounter an outlier to your stereotype

Question 15

outgroup denigration

Answer 15

belittling the outgroup

Question 16

implicit bias

Answer 16

pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of a group

Question 17

just world belief

Answer 17

the world is just and people get what they deserve

Question 18

stereotype threat

Answer 18

a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will verify the negative stereotype

Question 19

shooter bias

Answer 19

systematic, pervasive racial bias in the decision to shoot vs not shoot

Question 20

socio-functional model

Answer 20

prejudice based on the threat posed by the group
-different emotional and behavioral reactions based on specific threat

Question 21

dissociation model

Answer 21

processing info about others is a 2-step process
-step 1: stereotypes are automatically triggered
-step 2: we control whether or not we accept the stereotype

Question 22

contact hypothesis

Answer 22

contact between members of different groups leads to more positive intergroup attitudes

Question 23

cooperation

Answer 23

sherif’s robbers cave study
-superordinate goals: shared goals that necessitate cooperative effort