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ATC Basic Theory > Equipment > Flashcards

Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of radar systems?

A
  1. Primary, non-cooperative
  2. Secondary, cooperative
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2
Q

Can the a/c see on which radial of the NDB it’s flying towards the NDB?

A

No, a NDB is a Non Directional Beacon. You can only see where the NDB is relative from the a/c.

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3
Q

What are the frequency spectrum and wave length of a VLF (Very Low Frequency)

A

Frequency spectrum: 3-30KHz
Wavelength 100km-10km

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4
Q

What are the frequency spectrum and wave length of a LF (Low Frequency)

A

Frequency spectrum: 30-300KHz
Wavelength: 10km-1km

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5
Q

What are the frequency spectrum and wave length of a MF (Medium Frequency)

A

Frequency spectrum: 300KHz-3MHz
Wavelength: 1km-100m

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6
Q

What are the frequency spectrum and wave length of a HF (High Frequency)

A

Frequency spectrum: 3-30MHz
Wavelength: 100m-10m

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7
Q

What are the frequency spectrum and wave length of a VHF (Very High Frequency)

A

Frequency spectrum: 30-300MHz
Wavelength: 10m-1m

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8
Q

What are the frequency spectrum and wave length of a UHF (Ultra High Frequency)

A

Frequency spectrum: 300MHz-3GHz
Wavelength: 1m-10cm

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9
Q

What are the frequency spectrum and wave length of a SHF (Super High Frequency)

A

Frequency spectrum: 3-30GHz
Wavelength: 10cm-1cm

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10
Q

What are the frequency spectrum and wave length of a EHF (Extremely High Frequency)

A

Frequency spectrum: 30-300GHz
Wavelength: 1cm-1mm

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11
Q

What information does the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) provide you with?

A

The identifier code and the Altitude

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12
Q

What VHF frequency range is utilized for radio communication?

A

118.0MHz - 136.975 MHz

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13
Q

What are the 7 central minimum factors that are included in the ATIS?

A

Runway(s) in use, Wind, Visibility, Weather, Clouds, Temperature, Dew point, Atmospheric Pressure

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14
Q

At what frequency do the VOR and the ILS operate, and how do they overcome their overlap

A

VOR: 108 - 117.975MHz
ILS: 108 - 112 MHz

They overcome it by leaving the leaving the even decimals for the VOR, and odd decimals for the ILS

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15
Q

What is the spacing used between VHF radio frequencies?

A

8.33 kHz, which used to be 25 kHz

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16
Q

How many different squawk codes can a mode A and/or mode C transponder squawk?

A

4096

17
Q

At what frequency does a SSR transmit an interrogation to a transponder? And at what frequency does the transponder send a signal back?

A

1030 MHz from SSR to transponder
1090 MHz from transponder to SSR

18
Q

What is the purpose of a SELCAL datalink system?

A

Relieve the pilots from listening to static HF noise for a long time, by alerting the pilots when ATC is “calling” them

19
Q

What is the frequency band of VHF RT?

A

118.0 MHz - 136.975 MHz
8,33 KHz spacing

20
Q

What are the 3 types of messages that can be send via ACARS?

A

ATC - Air Traffic Control
AOC - Aeronautical Operational Control
AAC - Airline Administrative Control

21
Q

Can ADS-B send the a/c GPS position without interogation?

A

Yes, the squitter sends continuesly.

22
Q

Is ADS-B only used by Aircraft?

A

No also for vehicles on an aerodrome

23
Q

What do the letter of ADS-B stand for?

A

Automatic - always on
Dependant - system relies upon very accurate GNSS navigation data
Surveillance - Provides aircraft position, heading, speed, altitude, identification and other data
Broadcast - No interrogation required. Data broadcast to any ADS-B station / receiver.

24
Q

What are the aircraft requirements for ADS-B?

A

GPS navigation capability
Mode-S transponder
Avionics capable of providing correct data
Correct connections between the three

25
Q

What are the three ADS-C types contracts?

A

Periodic - time interval (for example weather data)
Demand - only once
Event - everytime the event takes place

26
Q

How many aircraft can a DME provide with distance info at the same time?

A

Approximately 200 aircraft
(checked with Anders)

27
Q

What is the frequency band of a NDB?

A

190 - 1750 kHz

28
Q

Which safety layers can be added to an ATC workstation

A

STCA
MTCD
MSAW
APW

29
Q

With attenuation of a radio wave, what is decreasing? The wavelength, amplitude or frequency?

A

The amplitude decreases but the wavelength and frequency remain unchanged.

30
Q

What is diurnal variation?

A

The height of the Ionosphere changes throughout the day, it lowers during the day.

31
Q

With a PSR what is Pulse Repitition Frequency [PRF] & Pulse Repitition Interval [PRI]

A

PRF: Number of pulses transmitted in a second
PRI: Time available for both transmitting, receiving and “deadtime”

32
Q

If a SSR iterogates an a/c with two pulses 21 microseconds apart, what kind of request is it?

A

Mode C request
Spacing between pulses for Mode A is 8,5 microseconds

33
Q

What does F.R.U.I.T. stand for?

A

False Replies Un-synchronised In Time

34
Q

What are the four components of a FMS?

A

Flight Manager Computer (FMC)
Automatic Flight Control (AFCS) - Generally the autopilot
Aircraft Navigation System
Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS)

35
Q

What are the four types of responses an aircrew can give to ATC?

A

WILCO
UNABLE
STANDBY
ATC message (free text)

36
Q

How many different unique codes can be generated within use of Mode S?

A

24 bit address: more than 16,75 million codes.

37
Q

What where the two implementation stages of SSR Mode S in Europe?

A

Elementary Surveillance (ELS): Only 24 bit code / call sign
Enhanced Surveillance (EHS): Selected heading, speeds, selected altitude reporting in 25ft intervals

38
Q

When no flight plan is filed, what does the mode S transponder report?

A

Aircraft registration

39
Q

What reference is used for the transmission of vertical position data by mode C?

A

standard ICAO atmosphere pressure 1013.25 hPa

ATC Basic Theory (10 decks)

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