Chapter 15 quiz

Question 1

To what region was Christianity largely limited to at the beginning of the Early modern era?

Answer 1

Europe

Question 2

Strayer said “the future, it must have seemed, lay with Islam rather than Christianity.” Why did he say this?

Answer 2

People thought Islam might wipe out Christianity
Most Christians didn’t buy the idea that Christianity would die

Question 3

What was the primary content of Luther’s 95 Theses?

Answer 3

He publicly invited debate about the view of the Catholic church - Indulgences, penance… etc.

Question 4

Though Luther originally did NOT want to separate from the Roman Catholic Church, he did. Why?

Answer 4

He felt he was forced into it, because the Roman Catholic Church would not make the changes Luther thought was necessary in order to stay true to the will of God and His plan for the Christian Church.

Question 5

In the Peasant’s Revolt, what did the people think Martin Luther believed?

Answer 5

They thought that because Luther opposed the Roman Catholic Church’s views, he opposed all oppressive authorities

Question 6

During the Protestant Reformation, the Christian Churches were divided into various

Answer 6

Denominations

Question 7

What happened during the St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre and the Thirty Years’ War?

Answer 7

Slaughter of Huguenots

Question 8

Where did the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre take place?

Answer 8

Paris

Question 9

What are Huguenots?

Answer 9

French Protestants

Question 10

What was the extreme practice we mentioned about Martin Luther?

Answer 10

He fasted more than necessary - caused permanent damage to his digestive system

Question 11

What was Martin Luther’s opinion about Christianity in Rome?

Answer 11

“The closer to Rome, the worse the Christians!”

Question 12

What were some of the things Martin Luther taught and studied?

Answer 12

He lectured on the Psalms
Learned Hebrew to understand original text
Preached and taught on Galatians
Taught about Justification by Faith through grace and mercy

Question 13

What year did Martin Luther nail his 95 Theses on the door of the Roman Catholic Church?

Answer 13

1517

Question 14

Luther wrote three major works in 1520. What were they called?

Answer 14

Address to the German Nobility
Babylonian Captivity of the Church
On the Freedom of a Christian

Question 15

What was Luther’s purpose of writing the Babylonian Captivity of the Church.

Answer 15

He attacks the sacramental system of the Roman Catholic Church

Question 16

What was Luther’s purpose of writing On the Freedom of a Christian?

Answer 16

He calls Christians out: it is those who surround the Pope who are corrupt, not the Pope himself

Question 17

Who said, “The Christian is lord of all and subject to none by virtue of his faith, but he is servant of all and subject to all by virtue of his love”?

Answer 17

Martin Luther

Question 18

Where is the city of Worms located?

Answer 18

Germany

Question 19

How long did John Calvin wander?

Answer 19

30 years

Question 20

Which of Calvin’s books was ordered to be burned by the Catholic Church because it was said to be heresy?

Answer 20

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Question 21

Institutes of the Christian Religion was compared to what other religious text?

Answer 21

The Quran

Question 22

Who threatened John Calvin with the wrath of God?

Answer 22

William Farel

Question 23

Who was one of Calvin’s most faithful helpers in his ministry?

Answer 23

Idelette de Bure

Question 24

What country was John Calvin kicked out of?

Answer 24

Geneva

Question 25

What does John Calvin seek in a woman?

Answer 25

Chaste, obliging, economical, patient, concerned for his health… etc.

Question 26

Who was Idelette de Bure?

Answer 26

John Calvin’s wife

Question 27

What emphasis did Calvin put on predestination?

Answer 27

The sovereignty and grace of God

Question 28

Why did the Chinese resist missionaries?

Answer 28

Missionaries provided little that the Chinese really needed

Question 29

Strayer pits modern science and the Christian faith against each other. Why doesn’t this work?

Answer 29

We no longer rely on science to explain scripture

Question 30

What were some problems with Rousseau’s way of thinking?

Answer 30

He was very conceited
Not a very good person
Anti-feminist

Question 31

Who were Voltaire, Diderot, d’Alembert, and Montesquieu?

Answer 31

Prominent French philosophers

Question 32

How many people accepted the secular Enlightenment at the time?

Answer 32

No very many; vast majority retained their faith
Masses of common folk wouldn’t have read the writings of the philosophers

Question 33

Where did the Pietist revival movement happen?

Answer 33

Mostly in Germany

Question 34

What was the Pietist revival movement?

Answer 34

The call to return to righteous living; conversion

Question 35

The Great Awakening is associated with…

Answer 35

Edwards, Whitefield, and Wesley brothers

Question 36

The Great Awakening showed that there was…

Answer 36

Evidence of Christian persistence and influence

Question 37

Some famous Christian composers of the time

Answer 37

Bach, Handel, and Haydn

Question 38

Marquis de Condorcet’s Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind talks about . . .

Answer 38

the worship of human reason
Arrogance, pride, optimism
No recognition of or solution to the fundamental problem of sin
All human problems can be solved through education and human reasoning alone

Question 39

Abdullah Wahhab’s History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis

Answer 39

Written by the grandson
Praying to anyone but Allah is a heresy; results in death
Destruction of tombs
Various prohibitions and regulations

Question 40

Kabir’s poetry

Answer 40

Popular among a variety of India’s people
Externals don’t matter
One must consider “all creatures on earth as his own self”
About the Muslim and Hindu scriptures

Question 41

The Scientific Revolution

Answer 41

was a period of time in the 16th and 17th centuries when there became a change in the way people and scholars thought about and studied the natural world. It was responsible for the invention of revolutionary topics like the scientific method, new observations, and theories, it challenged traditional beliefs and created a Segway for modern science. Some of the most famous names from the Scientific Revolution include Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton.

Question 42

Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton

Answer 42

were some of the greatest minds of the scientific revolution.
-Copernicus was a polish astronomer. He is famous for his heliocentric model of the universe, which says that the Sun, instead of the the Earth, was the center of the solar system. This was groundbreaking to the scientific minds of that age. This discovery laid the foundation for future advancements in astronomy and had an importance on our current understanding of the universe.
-Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and mathematician who also made large contributions to the Scientific Revolution. He is best known for his improvements to the telescope, which allowed him to make new observations of stars and constellations.
-Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who is known as one of the most impactful scientists in history. His most famous achievements are his laws of motion and universal gravitation.

Question 43

The European Enlightenment

Answer 43

was known as the Age of Enlightenment, and was a movement that impacted culture and academics in Europe. It put a focus on logic, science, and rights of individuals, which challenged traditional authority and promoted ideas of liberty, equality, and progress

Question 44

Locke, Voltaire, Condorcet, and Rousseau

Answer 44

were all influential philosophers of the Enlightenment, and they each contributed unique ideas and perspectives to the intellectual and cultural movement.
-Locke believed that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that governments should be based on the agreement of the people.
-Voltaire was an advocate for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and opted for a separation of church and state.
-Condorcet pushed for human rights, women’s rights, and education, and believed in the progress of society through logic and science.
-Rousseau believed in the social contract theory, which states that individuals should form a society and willingly give up some of their freedom in exchange for protection and the common good.

Question 45

“Enlightened religion”

Answer 45

was a concept developed during the enlightenment as a response to the difficulties caused by the Enlightenment to traditional religious authority and principles. Its purpose was to push a more logical and accepted understanding of religious beliefs, and emphasized individual conscience, moral values, and ethical conduct.

Question 46

Jesuits in China

Answer 46

Jesuits played a significant role in China. The group was Catholic and was known for their missionary work and academic pursuits. Some of the most famous Jesuits were Matteo Ricci and Johann Adam Schall von Bell. Jesuits learned the Chinese language, culture, and philosophy, and brought more western science and mathematics to the Chinese court. Their attempt of integrating Chinese rituals into Christianity backfired and created even more tensions within the Catholic Church.

Question 47

Wahhabi Islam

Answer 47

a branch of Sunni Islam created by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. It started in the Arabian Peninsula and is close with Saudi Arabia. Wahhabis, which is the name of the members, emphasize strict following of Islamic law called the Sharia and they reject any changes or practices that they find different from the original teachings of Islam. They promote a more exact and literal practice of the Quran. Wahhabi Islam has had a significant influence on Saudi Arabia and has spread globally.

Question 48

Wang Yangming

Answer 48

was a Chinese philosopher, general, and politician during the Ming Dynasty. He was a big advocate for the unity of knowledge and action. He placed an emphasis on the significance of moral growth and the addition of knowledge and practice. He believed that having real knowledge includes emotional involvement and action. Wang Yangming believed in the natural conscience of people and the importance of self-reflection for self-growth. His philosophy heavily impacted future Confucian ideologies and had a major effect on Chinese culture and their society.

Question 49

Kaozheng

Answer 49

was known as a provision of evidence and research and was a scholarly movement during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It placed an emphasis on the use of observational evidence and arduous document and textual analysis in order to verify historic claims and reject unsupported faiths. Many scholars that were involved in Kaozheng had a goal to create a more accurate comprehension of history and to promote critical thinking.

Question 50

Sikhism

Answer 50

a monotheistic religion that is centered around the teachings of ten successive Sikh Gurus. Sikhism places an emphasis on the belief in one God, the importance of equality, as well as the importance of living a truthful and righteous life. Sikhs follow the teachings of the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the main scripture of Sikhism. The religion promotes ideas like selfless service, the importance of community, and the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.

Question 51

The Protestant Reformation

Answer 51

was a revival in the roman catholic church. It was lead by men like Martin Luther who questioned and challenged the religious leaders. This led to denominations in the church, specifically the protestant church.

Question 52

Thirty Years’ War

Answer 52

a period of conflict in Europe specifically in the holy roman empire. What started as a fight between the Catholics and protestants evolved into a power struggle. There were four main phases of the war involving horrible violence like massacres and sieges. It ended with a signing of peace creating new balance in Europe. The overall losses caused by the war include; financial loss, changes in politics, changes in religion, and change in religion.

Question 53

Counter-Reformation

Answer 53

also known as the Catholic Reformation and was a movement in the 16th and 17th centuries by the Catholic Church to go against the Protestants. It involved reforms like the Council of Trent, addressed the document and its corruption. Then new religious orders, like the Jesuits, spread Catholicism through education and through missionary work. The Counter-Reformation was used to strengthen the Catholic Church back to its former glory.

Question 54

Taki Onqoy

Answer 54

a religious movement in South America during the 16th century. The movement was a response to the Spanish colonization and specifically the forcing of Christianity on the Natives. Taki Onqoy means “dancing sickness” in Quechua, and it involved rituals, music, and dances to resist the Spanish religion and culture. Its purpose was to revive traditional Andean religious practices and beliefs, and to reject the Catholic religion. However, the Spanish leaders suppressed Taki Onqoy, because they interpreted it as a threat to their control.