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bio 180 exam 3 > lecture 10 > Flashcards

lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

ecology

A

the study of how organisms interact with eachother and their environment

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2
Q

5 Levels of Ecology

A

organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere

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3
Q

abiotic factors

A

non living

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4
Q

biotic factors

A

living things

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5
Q

weather

A

short term

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6
Q

climate

A

long term

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7
Q

why are some climates hot and some cold

A

based on amount of sunlight per unit

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8
Q

hadley cell

A

explains why tropics are wet and why above and below that are dry deserts

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9
Q

coriolis effect

A

caused by spinning of earth

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10
Q

what are hadley cell and coriolis effect responsible for

A

different directions of winds and currents

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11
Q

what causes seasons on earth

A

earths orbit and tilt

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12
Q

what do mountain ranges cause for climate

A

create rain shadows

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13
Q

what effect do oceans have on climate

A

moderate effect on temperature

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14
Q

biomes

A

regions characterized by distinct abiotic characteristics and dominant vegetation

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15
Q

what type of biomes exist

A

terrestrial and aquatic

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16
Q

what abiotic factors influence terrestrial biomes

A

temperature, moisture, sunlight and wind

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17
Q

what abiotic factors affect aquatic biomes

A

salinity, water depth, sunlight, water flow and nutrient change

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18
Q

what impact have humans had on biomes

A

changing terrestrial landscape
pollute

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19
Q

what does behavior mean

A

a response to a stimulus

20
Q

behavioral ecology

A

focuses on how the behavior of animals affects their ability to survive and reproduce

21
Q

proximate causation

A

explains biological function in terms of immediate physiological or environmental factors

22
Q

ultimate causation

A

refers to the past conditions having led to the information encoded in DNA

23
Q

FAPs

A

fixed action patterns

24
Q

Fitness trade-offs

A

The process through which a trait increases in fitness at the expense of decreased fitness in another tract

25
Q

cost benefit analysis

A

A concept encapsulating the idea of the animals traits all have benefits and costs

26
Q

Forging

A

Forging behavior includes all the methods by which an organism acquires and utilizes sources of energy and nutrients

27
Q

What is the optimal theory of foraging?

A

is a behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food

28
Q

what causes the onset of sexual behavior?

A

the sex hormones

29
Q

what influences the onset of sexual behavior

A

environmental cues

30
Q

which gender has a selection advantage and why?

A

Females because they are more picky in the process

31
Q

what are three ways animals navigate

A

Plotting
Compass orientation
True navigation

32
Q

what is the circadian clock?

A

Physical, mental and behavioral changes that follow 24 hour cycle

33
Q

what exactly is communication?

A

The process were a signal from one individual modifies the behavior of a recipient individual

34
Q

how can animals communicate?

A

Touch, sound scent and sight

35
Q

what is altruism

A

an action that decreases your own individual ability to produce offspring but helps others

36
Q

when is altruism most likely?

A

if they are related to you
If you were not going to benefit

37
Q

how does altruism differ from the other concepts we have been studying

A

Hurts Individuals helps population.

38
Q

what is the most extreme form of altruism?

A

Eusociality

39
Q

Personal fitness

A

own offspring

40
Q

inclusive fitness

A

Combines indirect fitness of helping relatives, produce offspring plus direct fitness of all self producing offspring

41
Q

Kin selection…

A

Decreases direct fitness, but increases indirect

42
Q

Fitness resulting in…

A

Overall increase of inclusive fitness

43
Q

what is it called when altruism happens when not related

A

Reciprocal altruism

44
Q

how do cooperation and mutualism differ from altruism

A

Help others and your own fitness

45
Q

Cooperation

A

If within the same species

46
Q

mutualism

A

Different species

bio 180 exam 3 (4 decks)

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