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Cell Part 2 > Cells Part 2 > Flashcards

Cells Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Allowing passage of certain, especially small, molecules or ions but acting as a barrier to others. Used of biological and synthetic membranes.

A

Semipermeable (Selectively Permeable)

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2
Q

two layers of phospholipids arranged in such a way that their hydrophobic tails are projecting inwards while their polar head groups are projecting on the outside surfaces

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

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3
Q

Having an affinity for water; readily absorbing or dissolving in water.

A

Hydrophilic

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4
Q

The repelling of water; fear of water

A

Hydrophobic

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5
Q

A

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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6
Q

When a cell does not have to use energy to transport.

A

Passive Transport

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7
Q

When it requires energy to transport

A

Active Transport

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8
Q

A

A

Simple Diffusion

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9
Q

Diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

A

Osmosis

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10
Q

Meaning balanced, particles are evenly spread out

A

Equilibrium

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11
Q

A

A

Concentration Gradient

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12
Q

When there are more solutes inside the cell

A

Hypotonic Solution

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13
Q

The same amount of solutes inside and outside the cell

A

Isotonic Solution

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14
Q

When there are more solutes outside the cell

A

Hypertonic Solution

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15
Q

A

A

Turgid

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16
Q

A form of passive transport that uses transport proteins

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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17
Q

Transport protein that provides an open passageway in the plasma though which particles can diffuse

A

Channel Protein (Ion Channel)

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18
Q

The type o transport protein that changes shape when a particle binds with it.

A

Carrier Protein

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19
Q

A

A

Aquaporin

20
Q

Used in Active transport, but not pensive transport

A

ATP

21
Q

A

A

ADP

22
Q

A type of active transport that keeps certain ions at higher concentrations inside or outside the cell.

A

Protein Pump (Sodium Potassium Pump)

23
Q

General process that a cell takes in material.

A

Endocytosis

24
Q

The process in which a cell takes in fluids

A

Pinocytosis

25
Q

The process in which cells take in solids.

A

Phagocytosis

26
Q

small bubble within a cell, and are thus a type of organelle. Enclosed by lipid bilayer, vesicles can form naturally, for example, during endocytosis

A

Vesicle

27
Q

A process in which a cell expels waste

A

Exocytosis

28
Q

phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for cell division

A

Interphase

29
Q

process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets, in two separate nuclei.

A

Mitosis

30
Q

the process in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

31
Q

the series of events that take place in a cell wall leading to its division and duplication

A

Cell Cycle

32
Q

A

A

G1 (Gap 1) Phase

33
Q

A

A

S (Synthesis) Phase

34
Q

A

A

G2 (Gap 2) Phase

35
Q

Genetic Material in the nucleus

A

Chromatin

35
Q

2 Chromosomes on same ends.

A

Sister Chromatids

36
Q

organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions

A

Chromosome

37
Q

Holds or binds chromosomes together

A

Centromere

38
Q

cylindrically-shaped cell structure[1] found in most eukaryotic cells, though it is absent in higher plants and most fungi

A

Centriole

39
Q

are aggregates of microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division.

A

Spindle Fibers

40
Q

two cells formed when a cell undergoes cell division by mitosis. Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell because they contain the same number and type of chromosomes.

A

Daughter Cells

41
Q

stage of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses into double rod-shaped structures called chromosomes in which the chromatin becomes visible

A

Prophase

42
Q

stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which condensed & highly coiled chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the middle of the cell

A

Metaphase

43
Q

the stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase

44
Q

the effects of prophase and prometaphase (the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrating) are reversed. Two daughter nuclei form in the cell.

A

Telophase

45
Q

In cytokinesis the valley before the 2 daughter cells break.

A

Cleavage Furrow

46
Q

A disc like structure in the plane of the equator of the spindle that separates the two sets of chromosomes during cytokinesis; also involved in the formation of cell wall between the two daughter cells following cell division.

A

Cell Plate

Cell Part 2 (2 decks)

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