Chapter 13 key terms

Question 1

Secondary Aging

Answer 1

Age-related changes that are due to social and environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease

Question 2

Dialectical Thought

Answer 2

A form of thought involving recognition and acceptance of paradox and uncertainty

Question 3

Limbic System

Answer 3

The part of the brain that regulates emotional responses

Question 4

Post-Secondary Education

Answer 4

Any formal educational experience that follows high school

Question 5

Personality Disorder

Answer 5

an inflexible pattern of behavioural that leads to difficulty in educational, occupational, and social functioning

Question 6

Schizophrenia

Answer 6

A serious mental disorder characterized by disturbances of thought, such as delusions and hallucinations

Question 7

reflective judgment

Answer 7

the ability to identify the underlying assumptions of differing perspectives on controversial issues.

Question 8

quality-adjusted life years (QALY)

Answer 8

A measure of how much benefit is gained, and at what cost for any particular physical or mental intervention. It provides an estimate of the time a person will live at different levels of health over his remaining years of life

Question 9

White Matter

Answer 9

Neural tissue that is mainly comprised of myelinated axons that transmit neural signals from one neuron to another

Question 10

grey matter

Answer 10

Neural Tissue that is mainly made up of cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals and glial cells

Question 11

Disability-adjusted life Years (DALY)

Answer 11

A measure of the gap between a population’s ideal and actual levels of health. It is derived from the number of life years lost to premature death, illness, or injury and the number of years living with a disability. It assumes a potential life limit of 82 1/2 years for women and 80 for men

Question 12

Substance Abuse

Answer 12

A Pattern of behaviour in which a person continues to use a substance even though it interferes with psychological, occupational, educational, and social functioning

Question 13

post formal thought

Answer 13

Types of thinking that are associated with a hypothesized fifth stage of cognitive development

Question 14

fluid intelligence

Answer 14

the aspect of intelligence that reflects fundamental biological processes and does not depend on specific experiences

Question 15

binge drinking

Answer 15

a pattern of behaviour in which a man consumes five or more drinks, or a woman consumes four or more drinks, on one occasion, at least once a month over the past year

Question 16

crystallized intelligence

Answer 16

knowledge and judgement acquired through education and experience

Question 17

relativism

Answer 17

the idea that some propositions cannot be adequately described as either true or false

Question 18

maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max)

Answer 18

A measure of the body’s ability to take in and transport oxygen to various body organs

Question 19

health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

Answer 19

An estimate of life expectancy at birth. It is the number of years that a newborn can expect to live in full health given current rates of morbidity and mortality

Question 20

primary aging (senescence)

Answer 20

Age-related physical changes that have a biological basis and are universally shared and inevitable

Question 21

intimate partner violence

Answer 21

physical acts or other behaviour intended to intimidate or harm an intimate partner

Question 22

Locus of control

Answer 22

a set of beliefs about the causes of events

Question 23

sexual assault

Answer 23

Any form of sexual activity with another person without his or her consent

Question 24

Biological embedding

Answer 24

social circumstances in the first few years of a child’s life can cause epigenetic modifications in the brain and body systems that determine the trajectory -for better or worse- of a person health throughout adulthood

Question 25

Major factor in overall of health society

Answer 25

socioeconomic equality

Question 26

changes in frontal lobes

Answer 26

major spurt in frontal lobes that starts in preadolescence and continues in early adulthood increase capacity for formal operational thought. Frontal lobes ability to regulate the limbic system (emotional part of the brain) becomes fully developed in early adulthood

Question 27

Pattern of normal brain development

Answer 27

cyclical pattern- rapid proliferation of grey matter that is followed by the simultaneous process of synaptic pruning and myelination

Question 28

osteoporosis

Answer 28

loss of calcium in the bones

Question 29

osteoarthritis

Answer 29

wear and tear on bone in joints

Question 30

weight trend

Answer 30

typically reaches maximum in middle adulthood and then gradually declines in old age

Question 31

Two key organs in the immune system and the types of cells they create

Answer 31

thymus and bone marrow- B cells and T cells

Question 32

B cells

Answer 32

fight against external threats by producing antibodies against such disease organisms as viruses or bacteria

Question 33

t cells

Answer 33

defend against essential internal threats, such as transplanted tissue, cancer cells, and viruses that live within the body’s cells - T cells decline most in number and efficiency with age

Question 34

Five Health practices

Answer 34

physical exercise, not smoking, drinking, over or under eating and getting regular sleep

Question 35

external locus of control

Answer 35

believes other people or luck are responsible for her/his health issues

Question 36

Levels of Sexual Assault

Answer 36

Level 1- sexual assault (kissing, touching, oral or anal sex, intercourse or other forms of penetration)
Level 2- sexual assault with a weapon or resulting in bodily harm
Level 3- aggravated sexual assault ( wounding, maiming, disfiguring or endangering the life of the victim)

Question 37

Middle adulthood emotional disturbance

Answer 37

Virtually every kind of emotional disturbance is higher in early adulthood than in middle age