Act 7 Physiology of Muscle contraction

Question 1

Cardiac and Smooth muscles are ____ not subject to conscious control.

They receive no ___ from ____ but cardiac muscle and smooth muscle receive nerves from ___ and ___ of the _____.

Answer 1

Involuntary muscle tissues

No Innervation from somatic motor neurons

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of autonomic nervous system

Question 2

Properties cardiac muscle must have:

1) CONTRACT with ____
2) Must function in ____ and ___ without fail and without need of conscious attention
3) Highly RESISTANT to ____
4) The ____ of a given heart must contract in UNISON so the chamber can effectively EXPEL blood.
5) Contraction must ____ to EXPEL blood from the chamber

Answer 2

1) regular rhythm

2) sleep and wakefulness

3) fatigue

4) cardiocytes

5) last long enough

Question 3

Smooth muscle is named that way because _____

Answer 3

No striations

Question 4

Smooth muscle have ____ which can be small for fine control of stuff like
___

___

___

Answer 4

myocytes

single hair

iris of the eye

tiniest arteries

Question 5

In the pregnant uterus, ____ can become quite large to produce contractions necessary for child birth

Answer 5

myocytes

Question 6

Solutions used (2)

Answer 6

Normal Ringer’s Solution

Modified Ringer’s Solution

Question 7

Compound found in Ringer solution: (6)

Answer 7

KCl

NaCl

Na2HPO4

NaH2PO4

CaCl2

MgCl2

Question 8

What pH should ringer solution be?

What do you add to adjust?

Answer 8

7.4 pH

1m NaOH

Question 9

What changes are made for modified ringer’s solution? (Low ____ and High ____)

Answer 9

Low Ca

High Mg

0.12 g CaCl2 to 800 ml

0.37g MgCl2 to 200 ml

Question 10

Method of paralysing the toad ____

The probe must be inserted into the ____ and sever the brain and spinal cord

In severing the spinal cord, you probe at the ____ which causes ____

Answer 10

Pithing

Cranial vault

Vertebral canal
Flacid paralysis

Question 11

Refleces tested after pithing (2)

Answer 11

Corneal Reflex (sensory perception check)

Reflex Withdrawal Response (Spinal cord check)

Question 12

Preparation of frog:

You lift the skin of the ____ to access the ____

Answer 12

Lower abdomen

Abdominal muscle sheet

Question 13

Preparation of frog:

Slit along the midline of the ____ and cut through the ___ part of the muscles to access the organs

Then, cut towards the ____ part along the ___ to the ____ areas

Answer 13

linea alba
mid-ventral

thoracic part
sternal cartilage
clavicle

Question 14

Influence of ions in cardiac activity:

The heart is enveloped by a ____

YOu need to use a ___ to add Ringer’s solution drop by drop

Answer 14

THin pericardium

Pasteur pipette

Question 15

Influence of ions in smooth muscle:

Expose the ____ of the small intestine from the ___ of the ___

If toad is well fed, the intestine will be doing ____

Answer 15

jejunum

terminal of the duodenum

Active peristalsis

Question 16

What do you isolate in the legs?

Answer 16

Sciatic Nerve-Gastrocnemius Muscle Complex

Question 17

You must use ___ when cutting through the ____ as it is a conductor

Answer 17

sharp broken glass

sciatic nerve

Question 18

To expose the sciatic nerve, you need to penetrate _____

Answer 18

muscle fascia

Question 19

To stimulate an electric charge, a ____ is used.

____ is positive

____ is negative

Answer 19

Dry cell battery

red positive

blak negative