DNA Replication and Gene Expression Introduction (Final) Flashcards
Review: base pairing using ______ bonds holds the two strands of DNA together.
a
Covalent
b
Ionic
c
Hydrogen
d
None of the above
c
Hydrogen
The two strands of DNA that make up a DNA molecule run in ___________ direction(s).
a
the same (parallel)
b
opposite (antiparallel)
b
opposite (antiparallel)
Given the sequence of nucleotides: 5’ TACGGGCT 3’, what should the corresponding strand of DNA read from 3’ to 5’ (do not include the 3’ and 5’ in your answer, only include the letters)?
ATGCCCGA
Given the sequence of nucleotides: 5’ GAGCTTAC 3’, what should the corresponding strand of RNA read from 3’ to 5’ (do not include the 3’ and 5’ in your answer, only include the letters)?
CUCGAAUG
Due to the antiparallel nature of the DNA double helix:
a
both strands are synthesized in the direction of the replication fork
b
one strand is replicated and not the other
c
one strand at a replication fork is synthesized in the direction of the fork, while the other is synthesized in the opposite direction away from the fork
d
one strand at a replication fork is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction of the fork, while the other is synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction
c
one strand at a replication fork is synthesized in the direction of the fork, while the other is synthesized in the opposite direction away from the fork
How does DNA synthesis occur, and what is the direction of synthesis?.
a
DNA synthesis occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction because the phosphate of an incoming activated nucleotide is linked to the 3’ OH group of the growing strand.
b
Direction of synthesis is bidirectional with both 5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’ occurring on the leading and lagging strand respectively.
c
DNA synthesis occurs in either 3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’ directions depending on the sequence at the origin of replication.
d
DNA synthesis occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction because the phosphate of an incoming activated nucleotide is linked to the 5’ OH group of the growing strand.
a
DNA synthesis occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction because the phosphate of an incoming activated nucleotide is linked to the 3’ OH group of the growing strand.
If the gene for helicase were mutated such that helicase could no longer function, the effect would be to stop DNA replication because (choose the most direct effect of this lack of function):
a
Okazaki fragments would not longer be able to be connected
b
The two DNA strands would not be separated
c
RNA primers would not be made
d
The RNA primers would not longer be able to be replaced with DNA nucleotides
b
The two DNA strands would not be separated
Which of the following statements about DNA synthesis is true?
a
RNA is required in the process of DNA synthesis.
b
Helicase is required to separate the two strands of DNA at the replication fork.
c
Okazaki fragments would be unnecessary if DNA polymerase could synthesize DNA in both the 3’ → 5’ and 5’ → 3’ directions.
d
DNA ligase is used more frequently on the lagging strand than on the leading strand.
a
RNA is required in the process of DNA synthesis.
b
Helicase is required to separate the two strands of DNA at the replication fork.
c
Okazaki fragments would be unnecessary if DNA polymerase could synthesize DNA in both the 3’ → 5’ and 5’ → 3’ directions.
d
DNA ligase is used more frequently on the lagging strand than on the leading strand.
Telomerase restores telomere length after cell division. Possible effects of telomerase in the body include: (choose all that apply)
Multiple answers:
Multiple answers are accepted for this question
a
Stopping the aging process by preventing cell division from destroying protein-coding DNA
b
Contributing to cancer by allowing cells to divide indefinitely
c
Allowing embryonic stem cells to divide more times than normal body cells
d
Blocking cancer by restoring telomeres
a
Stopping the aging process by preventing cell division from destroying protein-coding DNA
b
Contributing to cancer by allowing cells to divide indefinitely
c
Allowing embryonic stem cells to divide more times than normal body cells
Which species has the least amount of non-coding DNA, based on this chart?
a
Human 90%
b
Fruit fly 28%
c
Round worm 25%
d
Arabidopsis 19%
e
E. coli 2%
e
E. coli 2%
Which of these is the most reasonable definition of a gene based on current understanding of biology?
a
Genes are the genetic information that is created from transcribing and translating RNA.
b
A gene codes for one or more related RNAs or polypeptides.
c
Genes contain the information for replicating the entire DNA strand.
d
A gene codes for a single enzyme.
b
A gene codes for one or more related RNAs or polypeptides.
If you had the following sequence of mRNA, what would the sequence of amino acids be?
AUG-GGU-AGU-UGA
a
Met, Gly, Ser, Trp
b
Arg, Val, Thr
c
Ile, Ser, Arg, Glu
d
Met, Gly, Ser
e
Gly, Ser, Trp, Trp
d
Met, Gly, Ser
Taking it a step further, if you had the following sequence of DNA, what would the sequence of amino acids be? (Make sure to write it in the same format as the answer to the last question, that is: “Met, Gly, Ser”)
TGT-GCC-CAT-ATT
thr. arg, val
