Class 24 The International relations of human rights

Question 1

what is an example of foreign policies that blend power Politics, liberal values and human rights

Answer 1

1975 Helsinki Accords on human rights

Question 2

According to Thomas Hobbes Realism: what is the double standard paradox?

Answer 2

states submit to public rights threats but leaders often subordinate human rights to other goals of national interest.
1. instances where to the requirements to obtain or maintain power, a state will not follow human rights rules.
Example: During the Cold War, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union supported authoritarian regimes like Pinochet’s Chile or Eastern European suppressions, prioritizing geopolitical interests over human rights.

2.human rights treaties are followed to the extend that they are enforceable, international anarchy makes enforcing treaties between major powers difficult.
Example: During the Cold War, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union supported authoritarian regimes like Pinochet’s Chile or Eastern European suppressions, prioritizing geopolitical interests over human rights.

3. Narrowing self-interest of major power that have used moral claims to religious rule.
   Example: The 2003 invasion of Iraq, framed partially on humanitarian grounds, faced criticism for its perceived geopolitical objectives and narrowing self-interest.

Question 3

what does liberalism argue?

Answer 3

1. institutionalized human right leads to policies to replace authoritarian government which are are often seen as greatest resistor to human rights
   Example: The dismantling of apartheid in South Africa, driven by institutionalized human rights principles, led to the establishment of a democratic government, replacing the once-authoritarian regime that resisted human rights norms.
2. Institutionalized international human rights leads to policies that seek stronger international institutions, which are often at odds of state sovereignty.
   The establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) exemplifies efforts to institutionalize international human rights, often challenging state sovereignty as it prosecutes individuals for crimes against humanity, even in countries resistant to external interventions.

Question 4

human security

Answer 4

applications of state instruments to protect the individual citizens right, as an alternate reference point.
ex: The Bill of Rights in the United States, serves as an example of state instruments actively protecting individual citizens’ rights, establishing a crucial reference point for legal and civil liberties.

Question 5

contested concept

Answer 5

involves a concept that has significant public value.
example: The implementation of stringent airport security measures post-9/11 reflects a public value placed on safety and counterterrorism, illustrating the prioritization of security in public policy.

Question 6

what does constructivism theory explain for human rights

Answer 6

1. if rights are present and fundamental sin that state, it member will try to spread it to other states.
2. human right instutionlized norm by norms cascades
   3.if not compliant they will harass and embarrass targets.

Question 7

what are the 5 stages of norms cascades

Answer 7

1.act of human right repression
2.human right group critique that state for the act
3. international human rights group help repressed group mobilized, state need to grant them some legitimacy
4. call for human right legislature due to collemenpense form international and domestic community.
5. the institutions of that state implement human right compliance automatically
ex: Myanmar 2021 protest that changed the country due to military abused, they had to make some concessions

Question 8

NGO what re the 3 international actives in human right propagation

Answer 8

1.Network of communication of right violation
2.Monitoring of treaty compliance by states
3. identity and humiliate non-compliant states
ex: Human Rights Watch’s comprehensive approach involves communication networks, monitoring of treaty compliance, and constructive advocacy to address human rights violations in the context of the Syrian conflict.