Chapter 15: cognitive development in adolescence Flashcards
1
Q
what is piaget’s formal operation stage? (3)
A
- abstract/hypothetical thinking (what might be, think ahead)
- sophisticated use of symbols (math, metaphors)
- adolescent egocentrism (imaginary audience, personal fable)
2
Q
what are cognitive skills? what happens with them? (6)
A
they all reach adult levels
- attention
- memory
- decision making
- impulse control
- language (slang, e-communication)
3
Q
what is Kohlberg’s theory (development or moral and morality in children)? (3)
A
- preconventional: obedience, future favors ==> external controls
- conventional: social approval, law and order ==> following rules
- postconventional: legalistic, universal ethical principles ==> recognize conflicts between moral standards and judgements
4
Q
what is Gilligan’s theory: an ethic of care?
A
- claims Kohlberg’s theory is for men
- women see morality in terms of caring and avoiding harm, not justice and fairness
- small gender differences in moral reasoning (girls mature earlier)
5
Q
school (2)
A
- transition to high school: motivation and grades, self-esteem, stress
- achievements: self-efficacy, gender (nurture and nature), technology, parents, peers, ethnicity, school
6
Q
causes of dropping out of school? (8)
A
- excessive absence
- reading below grade level
- low grades
- low self-esteem
- problems with teachers
- substance abuse
- oldest in grade
- boys > girls to drop out
7
Q
what is Holland’s career typology? (6)
A
- conventional (analytical, detail oriented)
- realistic (public, health)
- investigative (analyze, evaluate)
- social (education, health educators)
- artistic (communications, public health)
- enterprising (policymaker, planner)
8
Q
adolescents employment (4)
A
- 31% high school students work
- less than 10 hours a week
- pros: responsiblity, discipline, value of money and education, work habits, occupational aspirations
- cons: lower grades, higher substance use, illegal behaviours, lower self-esteem, higher psychological problems
