HSC HEMATOLOGY INTERVIEW Q'S Flashcards

1
Q

What signifies anemia?

A

Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit

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2
Q

What are the RBC indices of microcytic/hyperchromic anemias?

A

Low MCV, MCH and MCHC

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3
Q

What are the microcytic/hyperchromic anemias?

A

Iron deficiency, Beta Thalassemia, Alpha Thalassemia, Sideroblastic, anemia of chronic disease or inflammation

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4
Q

What are the RBC indices of macrocytic/normochromic anemias?

A

High MCV,MCH and normal MCHC

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5
Q

What are the macrocytic/hyperchromic anemias?

A

Megaloblastic anemia, Liver disease, alcoholism

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of megaloblastic anemia?

A

Folate deficiency and B12 deficiency

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7
Q

How do you identify hereditary spherocytosis?

A

Osmotic fragility test and hemolysis test, DAT=negative

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8
Q

What are the PBS features of Microangiopathic anemia?

A

NN anemia with thrombocytopenia, smear will show schistocytes.

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9
Q

What can affect Hemoglobin parameters?

A

Transfusion (high hgb), blood loss (low hgb), sample is diluted due to fluids, tubidity, anemia, polycythemia, etc.

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10
Q

List 4 examples of preanalytical errors

A

1) Hemolysis due to difficult collection - causes falsely decreasing results for RBC, HCT and APTT
2) Misidentification of a patient
3)Diluted sample- can falsely lower CBC results
4) Improper mixing of a sample, can cause clots which will affect results ex. lower platelet count

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11
Q

You need to return RBC back into inventory, what needs to be checked first?

A

Ports are intact not open and there are some remaining, no leakage, front label is intact, visual inspection (ex, colour and air bubbles), haven’t been out for longer than 1hr.

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12
Q

You have an MTP, stroke sample, CSF and the phone is ringing, what do you do first?

A

-Ignore the phone call
- Stroke sample–put it on quickly
- MTP (the first cooler of RBCs has to be ready within 15min of receiving the requisition) and prepare frozen plasma thaw 20-30min at 30-37 C
- Check back on the stroke sample to make sure the results went through and are valid
-CSF next
- Prepare the second cooler of plasma (has to be within 45min of req)

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13
Q

What factors affect PT?

A

Under filled tube (prolong results), coumadin/warfarin (high pt/inr), quick clot (check for clot, see if the patient was issued factor VIIa

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14
Q

What factors affect APTT?

A

Heparin (prolonged), clot, IV line (contamination), difficult collection (quick clot)

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15
Q

What happens if you get a Fib-RP lower than 1.5g/L?

A

Reflexes to generate Clauss Fibrinogen –more accurate quantitative measurement

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16
Q

What are the aspects of a good clot curve?

A

Has a baseline, acceleration, and plateau phase

17
Q

RBC reference range

A

M: 4.60 -6
Fem: 4-5.4

18
Q

WBC reference range

A

4.5-11.5

19
Q

Hgb Reference range

A

M: 140-180
F: 120-150

20
Q

Hct Reference range

A

M: 0.4- 0.54
F: 0.39 -0.49

21
Q

MCV reference range

A

80-100 fL

22
Q

MCH reference range

A

27-31

23
Q

MCHC reference range

A

32-36

24
Q

PLT reference range

A

150-450

25
Q

PT reference range

A

11-13 sec

26
Q

APTT reference range

A

20-30sec

27
Q

When should a plasma replacement be done?

A

If the MCHC is >375 g/L, RBC should be within 5% of following replacement

28
Q

When should a blood sample be warmed?

A

MCHC is greater than >375 and system flags RBC agglutinin, rerun the sample and warm it for a minimum of 15min at 37C