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CATA 437 final > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what are X-rays

A

uses electromagnetic waves to produce images

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2
Q

what is the first type of imaging that will be provided

A

x-ray

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3
Q

dense material - x-ray

A

shows up white
bone and metal

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4
Q

black - x-ray

A

air in lungs

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5
Q

shades of grey- x-ray

A

fat and muscles

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6
Q

when is x-ray used - bone and teeth

A

fx and infections
bone tumours
osteoporosis

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7
Q

when i x-ray used -chest

A

lung infections/conditions (pneumonia, tuberculosis)
breast cancer
enlarged heart

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8
Q

when is x-ray used - abdomen

A

swallowed items
GI tracts problems (barium contrast medium)

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9
Q

A

A

alignment : fx, subluxation, dislocation
joint space: narrowing due to cartilage loss, calcification, new bone formation

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10
Q

B

A

bone texture : altered density or disruption

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11
Q

C

A

cortices: trace around the bone as a step on the cortex may indicate fx or other pathology

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12
Q

S

A

soft tissue: swelling, foreign bodies or effusion

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13
Q

X-ray examples

A

see ppt

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14
Q

risks of x-ray

A

small amount of radiation exposed o is safe
has been linked to cancer
safe for adults
not safe for developing fetus
children more sensitive to radiation

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15
Q

CT scan

A

combines a series of x-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross sectional images of bone, vessels or soft tissue inside the body

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16
Q

why use a CT scan

A

diagnose muscle or bone disorder
pinpoint location of infection, tumor or fx
guide procedure like surgery, biopsy and radiation therapy
detect and monitor diseases and conditions such as cancer, heart disease, lung nodules and liver masses
monitor the effectiveness of certain treatments such as cancer
detect internal injuries and internal bleeding

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17
Q

what allows radiologist to evaluate meniscus tear or chondromalacia patella

A

fluid that turns white on the image

injection of isotopes?

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18
Q

diagnostic US characteristics

A

no radiation
quick
portable
low cost
done over metal
can be done dynamically

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19
Q

US

A

high frequency sound waves that bounces off of tissues and organs to create a multi-dimensional image

20
Q

what is US good for

A

capturing soft tissues, muscles and ligaments

21
Q

gold standard for RC tears

A

US and CT scan

22
Q

MRI

A

technique that uses magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues in the body

23
Q

how does MRI work

A

magnetic field temporarily realigns hydrogen atoms in your body
radio waves cause these aligned atoms to produce very faint signals which are used to create cross-sectional MRI images
produces 3D images that can be looked at from different angles
no radiation

24
Q

MRI helps evaluate

A

joint abnormalities causes by traumatic or repetitive injuries such as torn cartilage or ligaments
disc abnormalities in the spine
bone infection
tumors of the bone and soft tissues

25
Q

MRI for brain and spinal cord can help diagnose

A

aneurysms of cerebral vessels
disorders of the eye and inner ear
multiple sclerosis
SC injuries
stroke
tumors
brain injury from trauma

26
Q

MRI for heart and BV assesses for

A

size and function of the heart’s chambers
thickness and mvt of the walls of the heart
the extent of damage caused by heart attack or heart disease
structural problems in the aorta, such as aneurysms or dissections
inflammation or blockages in the blood vessels

27
Q

MRI for internal organs

A

check for tumors or abnormalities of:
liver and bile ducts
kidneys
spleen
pancreas
uterus
ovaries
prostate

28
Q

absolute contraindications of MRI

A

cardiac implantable electronic device
metal pieces
drug infusion pump
artificial limb
hearing aid

29
Q

relative contraindication of MRI

A

tattoos less than 6 weeks old
shunts
medication patch
joint replacement or prosthesis
pt unable to obey breathing instructions or has severe claustrophobia
BMI

30
Q

Open MRI

A

larger opening
image quality is directly proportional to magnetic field strength
less diagnostic info (less strong)

31
Q

T1 vs T2

A

see table

32
Q

DEXA scan

A

bone density test
uses low levels of x-ray to measure how dense your bones are

33
Q

goal of DEXA

A

designed to measure density of body tissue
does not produce high quality picture

34
Q

dexa measures

A

mineral content of the bones in certain area of the skeleton
bone loss

35
Q

common use for DEXA

A

diagnose OA
compare BMD and normal for age

36
Q

bone scan use

A

detect stress fx of the long bones and vertebrae
DD
infections bone
tumors of the bone
fibrous dysplasia
paget’s disease
avascular necrosis
arthritis
shows disturbance but not define nature of disturbance

37
Q

bone scan

A

looks at bone metabolism
injection of isotopes several hours before scan to show increased areas of increased activity

38
Q

x-rays do not show stress fx unless

A

30-50% of bone loss

39
Q

abnormal bone scan

A

shows darker hot spots or lighter cold spots

40
Q

EMG use

A

used as a diagnistic procedure to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them
reveal nerve dysfunction, muscle dysfunction or problems with nerve to muscle signal transmission

41
Q

why get EMG

A

tingling
numbness
muscle weakness
muscle pain/cramping

42
Q

EMG diagnose/rule out

A

muscle disorders
diseases affecting the connection between nerve and muscle
dicorder of nerves outside the SC
disorders that affect motor neurons in the brain/SC
disorders that affect the nerve root (herniated disc)

43
Q

Cost of MRI in canada

A

1000-3000$ +300 contrast

44
Q

US cost

A

500$+500 if injection

45
Q

X-ray cost

A

100-1000$
average 260-460$

CATA 437 final (5 decks)

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