week 11+ 12

Question 1

what are Indicators

Answer 1

help to convert relevant data into concise information about
management’s efforts to influence the organization’s environmental performance, or the condition of
the environment

Question 2

what are environment indicators

Answer 2

scientifically credible information in a manner that can be readily understood and used by decision-makers

Question 3

what are indicators useful for

Answer 3

for policy making

Question 4

what are Commodity exchanges

Answer 4

exchange is a forum with rules and procedures for trading standardized
commodities

Question 5

four questions about reporting

Answer 5

is it mandatory
what is the subject
is it substantial
what is it for

Question 6

what is mandatory reporting

Answer 6

Focused, regulatory, gvt level

Question 7

what is voluntary reporting

Answer 7

reputation, mkt requirement, company self reporting

Question 8

what is the subject - corporate

Answer 8

Voluntary or mandatory, like that required by securities exchanges,
a corporate sustainability report

Question 9

what is the subject - facilities

Answer 9

Often mandatory, like NPRI or GHGRP in Canada

Question 10

what is the subject - product

Answer 10

like LCA, product carbon footprints and environmental product declarations

Question 11

How substantial is it - PRCAO

Answer 11

participation, reporting, commitment, action, outcomes

Question 12

types of environmental indicators

Answer 12

management, operational, condition

Question 13

management indicator

Answer 13

number of employees trained in energy management
research and development
establishment of fuel efficiency criteria
return on investment for energy

Question 14

operational indicator

Answer 14

quantity of fossil fuel used per unit of product
quantity and type of energy used

Question 15

condition indicator

Answer 15

Biodiversity at site
Water or air quality at site
Global average temperature

Question 16

What is important to the firm?

Answer 16

Financial materiality – generally captured as “ESG” reporting -
Environmental/social/governance
Supports company, owners, investor regarding financial risk

Question 17

Is it about society and the environment – “sustainability”?

Answer 17

Supports broad objectives of sustainable development
“Sustainability” reporting
Broad list of issues and impacts

Question 18

double materiality

Answer 18

impact, financial

Question 19

impact materiality

Answer 19

impact on society and environment

Question 20

financial materiality

Answer 20

impact of societal expectation and environmental change on business

Question 21

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

Answer 21

Multi-stakeholder process and independent institution
Develops globally applicable Sustainability Reporting standards.
Standards for voluntary use by organizations
In 2002 GRI became independent
Collaborates with the United Nations Environment Programme

Question 22

what is GRI sustainability reporting

Answer 22

the practice of measuring, disclosing to stakeholders for organizational performance against specific environmental, social and
economic/governance objectives

Question 23

how many indicators in GRI!

Answer 23

more than 300, can be core and additional

Question 24

indicator numerator

Answer 24

environmental information

Question 25

indicator denominator

Answer 25

basis of measure

Question 26

for the environment, which measure that matters

Answer 26

amt of ghg in atmosphere

Question 27

three scopes of greenhouse accounting

Answer 27

SCOPE 1: Direct emissions
SCOPE 2: Electricity indirect
SCOPE 3:Other indirect emissions

Question 28

Business-led initiatives (BLI)

Answer 28

Governed exclusively by companies
Develop codes and standards as effort of “self-regulation”
Often supply-chain focused or operational
for customers, public, government
* Often directed at governments
* Weakness can be “lowest common denominator” standard

Question 29

The Responsible Care® Ethic

Answer 29

work for the improvement of people’s lives and the environment
be accountable and responsive to the public,
take preventative action to protect health and the environment;
innovate for safer products and processes that conserve resources and provide
enhanced value;

Question 30

the codes of practice in responsible care

Answer 30

Operations Code
Stewardship Code
Accountability Code

Question 31

when was responsible care made

Answer 31

Started in Canada in 1985 in response to bhopal disaster

Question 32

Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSI)

Answer 32

Mix industry, NGO and even government sector representation
Diverse or issue focused
Weakness: legitimacy and market penetration hard to achieve

Question 33

what is Forest Stewardship Council

Answer 33

The first multi-stakeholder initiative for sustainability

Question 34

what is Marine Stewardship Council

Answer 34

Started by WWF with Unilever (consumer products multinational), then went independent

Question 35

what is fairtrade

Answer 35

Multi sector, multi product organization
Emphasizes labour and environmental justice, especially for small producers

Question 36

what is US/Canadian Green Buildings Council

Answer 36

Owns LEED standard
Populist, high awareness, sets standards at low level to encourage
participation

Question 37

what is Responsible Jewellery Council

Answer 37

Criticized bc businesses are more in charge than ngos