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HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chapter 25: The Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 25: The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary system consists of

A

Two kindness, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra

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2
Q

Functions of the kidney

A
  • regulation of blood ionic compounds
  • regulation of blood pH
  • regulation of blood volume and pressure
  • enzymatic regulation of blood pressure
  • maintence of blood osmolarity
  • production of hormones
  • regulation of blood glucose level
  • excretion of waste
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3
Q

Storage of urine

A

The bladder

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4
Q

Expulsion of urine

A

Urthera

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5
Q

Regulation of blood volume

A

Hormones

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6
Q

Kidney location

A

Retroperitoneal

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7
Q

Fibrous capsule

A
  • directly adheres to the outer surface of the kidney
  • helps maintain the shape of the kidney, protect it from trauma, and helps prevent infections from pathogens
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8
Q

Renal hilum

A

Ureters, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and where nerves enter/exit the kidney

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9
Q

Perinephric fat

A
  • middle layer
  • provided cushion and support to the kidney
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10
Q

Renal fascia

A
  • anchors kindness to the surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall and peritoneum
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11
Q

Paraneohric fats

A
  • outermost layer
  • made of adipose tissue
  • located between the renal fascia and peritoneum
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12
Q

Renal cortex

A
  • light red region
  • nephrons
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13
Q

Renal medulla

A
  • dark red - brown region
  • renal tubules
  • consists of renal pyramids (renal papilla)
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14
Q

Extensions of renal cortex that project into the medulla and subdivide it

A

Renal columns

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15
Q

Renal sinus

A

Renal pelvis, the calyces, and branched of blood vessels

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16
Q

Wide base id the renal pry is makes contact with the cortex at the

A

Corticomedullary junction

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17
Q

Renal papilla

A

Apex of the renal pyramid

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18
Q

Minor calyx

A
  • renal papillae projects in hollow funnel shaped structure
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19
Q

Several minor calyces fuse to form

A

Major calyx

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20
Q

Blood supply of the kidney

A

Renal arteries —> segmental arteries —> interlonar arteries —> renal lobe —> arcuate arteries —> affront arterioles —> glomerulus —> efferent arteriole —> peritubular capillaries —> vasa recta —> vein

21
Q

2 parts of the nephron

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • renal tubule
22
Q

Renal tubule

A

Filter fluid passes

23
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Filtration of plasma

24
Q

Renal corpuscle parts

A
  • glomerulus
  • bowman’s capsule
25
Q

Glomerulus

A

Capillary network
Consists of two layers
- visceral
- paritetal

26
Q

Renal tubule consists of

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • nephron loop ( loop of henle)
  • distal convoluted tubule
27
Q

Visceral layer of the glomerulus capsule

A

Epithelial cells
- podocytes

28
Q

Parietal layer of the glomerulus capsule

A

Simple squamous epithelium

29
Q

Podocytes

A

Modified simple squamous epithelial cells

30
Q

Filtrations membrane layers

A
  • endothelium of glomerulus
  • basement membrane of glomerulus
  • visceral layer of glomerular capsule
31
Q

Endothelium of glomerulus

A

Fensteated, allowing filtration but preventing passage of larger material such as cells and platelets

32
Q

Basement membrane of glomerulus

A

Porous; restricts the passageway of large proteins

33
Q

Pendickes are separated by thin membrane covered

A

Filtration slips

34
Q

Pendicles

A

Possession by pondicytes
- wrap around glomerular capillaries

35
Q

Functions of nephrons

A
  • glomerular filtration
  • tubular reabsorption
  • tubular secretion
36
Q

Glomerular filtrations

A
  • water and dissolved solutes move out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space of the renal corpuscle due to pressure
  • once fluid leaves the plasma and enters the capsular space, it is called filtrate
37
Q

Tubular reabsortion

A
  • the movement of substances form the tubular fluid back into the blood
  • most water and all needed solutes in the filtrate are reabsorbed
38
Q

Tubular secretion

A

Solutes are actively transported out of the blood and into the tubular fluid (urine)

39
Q

The urinary tract is composed of

A
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
40
Q

Wall of the urethra has three layers

A

Mucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

41
Q

Mucosa

A

Transitional epithelium and lamina propina
- rugae

42
Q

Muscularis

A

Inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer of smooth muscle
- internal urtetral sphincter
- external urethral spinchter

43
Q

Adventitia

A

Areolar connective tissue
- serous

44
Q

Urethra female

A
  • opening of the urethra is the external urethral orifce
  • wall of urethra consists of deep mucosa and a superficial Muscularis
45
Q

Urethra males

A

Divided into three regions
- prostrate urethra
- intermediate ( membranousate)
- spongy urethra

46
Q

Prostatic urethra

A

Through prostate gland, transitions epithelial lining

47
Q

Membranous urethra

A

Short segment through the urogenitical diaphragm

48
Q

Spongy urethra

A
  • long segment through erectile tissue of penis
49
Q

Linger urethra in

A

Males

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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