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medical assistant > From NHA - NHA: Basic Pharmacology > Flashcards

From NHA - NHA: Basic Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Analgesics

A

Relieve Pain
Acetametaphin, hydrocodone, codeine

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2
Q

Antacids / anti ulcer

A

GERD
Esmoprazole, famotidine, calcium carbonate

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3
Q

Antibiotics

A

Bacterial Infections
Amoxicillin, ciprofloxin, sulfamethoxazole

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4
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Smooth Muscle Spasm
Ipratropium, dicyclomine, hyoscyamine

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5
Q

Anticoagulants

A

delay blood clots
Warfarin, heparin

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6
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

seizure control prevention
Clonezepam, gabapentin

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7
Q

Antidipressants

A

Relieve depression
Doxepin, fluoxdtine, duloxetine

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8
Q

Antidiarrheals

A

Reduce Diarrhea
Bismuth, loperamide

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9
Q

Antiemetics

A

Reduce nausea vomiting

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10
Q

Antifungals

A

Fungal infections
Fluconazole, miconazole,

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11
Q

Antihypertension

A

lower BP
Metoprolol, valsartan, clonidine

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12
Q

Antihistimines

A

Relieve allergies
Dipenhhydramie, loratidine

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13
Q

Anti infammatories

A

Reduce inflammation
ibuprofen, naproxen

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14
Q

Antilpemics

A

lower cholesterol
Atorvastatin, cholestyramine

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15
Q

Antimigrane

A

Relieve migranes
Topiramate, rizatriptan

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16
Q

Anti osteoporosis

A

Improve bone density
calcitronin, alendronate

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17
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Psychosis
Quetiapine, haloperidol

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18
Q

Antipyretics

A

Reduce fever
Acetametaphin, aspirin, ibuprofen

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19
Q

Skeletal / muscle relaxants

A

Reduce / prevent muscle spasms
Cyclobenzaprine, methoscarbamol

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20
Q

Antitussives / expectorants

A

Control cough
Dextromethorphan, guaifenesen, codine

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21
Q

Antiviral

A

Viral infections
Acyclovir, interferon

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22
Q

Anxiolytics (anti anxiety)

A

Reduce anxiety
Clonezepam, diazepam, lorazepam

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23
Q

Brochodilators

A

relax airway muscles
albuterol, isoproterenol

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24
Q

CNS Stimulats

A

Reduce hyperactivity
methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine

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25
Q

Contraception

A

prevent pregnancy
medroxyprogesterone, wthinyl estradiol

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26
Q

Decongestants

A

Relieve nasal congestion
pseudoephedrine, phenylphrine

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27
Q

Diuretics

A

Elimate excess fluid
Furosemide, bumetanide

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28
Q

Laxatives, stool softeners

A

promote bowel movements
Magnesium hydroxide

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29
Q

Oral hypoglemics

A

reduce blood glucose
metformin, pioglitazone,

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30
Q

Sedatives - hypnotics

A

induce sleep
Zolpidem temazepam, eszopiclone

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31
Q

Schedule 1 controlled substance

A

high potential for abuse, no approved medical use in US - ILLEGAL

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32
Q

Schedule 2 controlled substance

A

high potential for abuse, dangerous and can lead to dependence.

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33
Q

Schedule 3 controlled substances

A

Moderate to low potential for dependence. K

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34
Q

Schedule 4 controlled substance

A

low potential for abuse and dependence.

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35
Q

Schedule 5 controlled substancecs

A

contain Limited quantities of some narcotics for antitussive, antidiarrheal, analgesic.

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36
Q

Schedule 3,4,5 filled refilled

A

may not be filled more than 6 months after issue date and not more than 5 times in 6 months

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37
Q

Schedule 1 and 2 re: Refills

A

1 - drugs not in US
2- cannot include refills

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38
Q

Therapeutic Effect

A

Good effects prescribed for

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39
Q

Side effects

A

unintentional undesirable actions on body

40
Q

Adverse effects

A

unintended harmful actions of meds

41
Q

Indictations

A

problems for which provider prescribed med

42
Q

Contraindications

A

symptoms or conditions that make treatment or med inadvisable

43
Q

Precautions

A

problems that pose a less risk but require observation and monitoring

44
Q

METRIC SYSTEM - weight

A

kg kilograms
g grams
mg miligrams
mcg mmicrograms

45
Q

Metric System - Volume

A

dL Deciliters
L liters
mL mililiters

46
Q

Metric System - length

A

km kilometers
m meters
cm centimeters
mm mililiters

47
Q

household value - metric equivalent up to one cup

A

15 drops = 1mL
1 tsp = 5mL
1 tbsp = 15 mL
1 fluid ounce, 2 tbsp = 1 cup
1 cup = 240 ml

48
Q

Household value - metric equivalent over 1 cup

A

1 pint = 480mL
1 quart = 960 mL
1 gallon = 3,30 mL
2.2 pounds - 1kg

49
Q

Dosage by weight

A

2.2lb = 1kg
88 lbs = 40kg

50
Q

Aerosoles

A

inhalation

51
Q

caplets

A

oral

52
Q

capsules

A

oral

53
Q

creams

A

topical, vaginal, rectal

54
Q

Drops

A

otic, opthalmic, nasal

55
Q

dry power for inhalation

A

inhalation

56
Q

elixirs

A

oral

57
Q

Emulsions

A

oral

58
Q

foams

A

vaginal

59
Q

gels

A

topical, oral, rectal

60
Q

injectable liquids

A

IV, IM, SUBQ, ID

61
Q

liniments

A

Topical

62
Q

lotionsq

A

topical

63
Q

lozenges

A

oral

64
Q

mist

A

inhalation, nasal

65
Q

ointment

A

topical, opthalmic, otic, vaginal, rectal

66
Q

Patches

A

topical

67
Q

powders

A

topical

68
Q

Powders for reconstituion

A

IV, IM, SUBQ, ID

69
Q

Solid or fluid extracts

A

oral

70
Q

solutions

A

topical, nasal, inhalation, sublingual

71
Q

steam

A

inhalation

72
Q

suppositiores

A

vaginal, rectal

73
Q

suspensions

A

oral

74
Q

syrups

A

oral

75
Q

tablets

A

oral, buccal, sublinqual, vaginal

76
Q

tinctures

A

oral, topical

77
Q

medications - THREE CHECK

A
  1. check med against prescription
  2. check med and prescription when preparing dose
  3. recheck med before restockig bottle
78
Q

avoid errors in look and sound alike

A

no abbreviations
use tall man (mixed case) to emphasize (ceffoTEtan)
Change appearance of loo alike meds to alert staff
store in sep areas
Alter computer screes to avoid look alikes to be consecutive
Create labels with indications for use

79
Q

oral route

A

mouth, stomach, intestines

80
Q

Intradermal - injectable liquid

A

skin of upper chest, forearms, upper back

81
Q

Intramuscular - IM, injectable liquid

A

Deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal muscles

82
Q

Subcutaeous - SQ, or Sub Q injectable liquid

A

upper arms, abbdomen, buttocks, upper outer thighs

83
Q

topical - on the skin

A

gels, tinctures, solutions, ointments, lotions, creams, liniments, powders, patches, sprays

84
Q

Vaginal / rectal - vagina, vulva, rectum, anus

A

suppositories, solutions, creams, ointments, gels, foams.

85
Q

action of pharmokinetics that changes active forms of medication into harmless metabolites

A

metabolism

86
Q

5 rights of medication administration

A

right patient
right med
right dose
right time
right route

87
Q

right med

A

check three times
*check when taking med container from cabinet
*check when taking med from container to prepare to administer
*check when putting back

88
Q

right patient

A

two identifyers
then verify with medical records

89
Q

right dose

A

compare dose on prescription in medical record on providers order with the dosage on medications’ label

90
Q

Right time

A

confirm timing specifications such as empty stomach or after taking another med

91
Q

right route

A

compare route on prescription to medical record and confirm route is appropriate patient and the formulation is right for that route.

92
Q

right technique - intramuscular

A

angle of insertion of needle is 90 degrees

93
Q

right technique - intradermal

A

angle of intradermal is 10-15 degrees

94
Q

right technique - subcutaneous

A

Angle of injection - 45 degrees

95
Q

right documentation

A

always document after if not before, includes date, time, quantity, med, strength, method and location of administration, lot number, manufacturer, exp date and patient outcome

medical assistant (17 decks)

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