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Micro > Revision Lect 4,5 > Flashcards

Revision Lect 4,5 Flashcards

1
Q

Microbial growth requires
Chemical
Physical

A

C/O/N/S/P/ trace elements
Temp/Ph/osmotic pressure

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2
Q

Temperature
High
Low
Min
Max
Optimum

A

Denture enzymes and proteins
Solidify membrane
Min for survival
Max for survival
Avg of both best growth

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3
Q

The 5 temp microbes

A

Psychrophiles (-5> 15) arctic glaciers
Psychrotrophs (20-30) food spoilage
Mesophiles (25-40)pathogens
Thermophiles (50-60)hot springs+ compost piles
Hyperthermophiles (80+) volcanos, sulfur is important in their metabolism

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4
Q

The 3 ph microbes
Most grow at abt
Effect of not suitable ph

A

Acidophiles 0-5.5
Neutrophiles 5.5-8
Alkaliphiles 8-11.5
6.5-7.5
Disrupt plasma protein + inhibit enzymes

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5
Q

Ph applications

A

Food preservation by acids from bacterial fermentation

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6
Q

The 3 osmotic microbes
Most prefer

A

Osmotolerant wide range
Osmophile sugar hyoertonic
Halophile salt hyoertonic
Most microbes prefer isotonic, most bacteria hypotonic, gram -ve may burst
Most cannot live in hyoertonic

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7
Q

Carbon

A

Autotrophs and heterotrophs
Both have chemo and photo

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8
Q

What are organic growth factors

A

Essential organic compounds the bacteria or unable to synthesize like vitamins which are obtained from the environment

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9
Q

P?
N+p ?
N+ s?
S?

A

Phospholipids
DNA/RNA/ATP
Protein synthesis
Amino acids/ vitamins

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10
Q

Trace ements

A

Iron copper molybdendem zinc
Cool factors for enzymes very small amounts or required to naturally present in tap water
Mgcl2 co-factor for tag polymerase enzyme in PCR

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11
Q

Dangers of oxygen

A

When oxygen enters in a reaction it results in Ros single oxygen super oxide ion hydrogen peroxide hydroxide radical these are toxic and unstable and requires enzymes to neutralize it

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12
Q

The enzymes

A

Super oxidedismutase peroxidase catalase

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13
Q

Bacteria acc to oxygen

A

Oblique aerobes full
Microaerophiles full
Facultative anaerobes full
Aerotolerant anaerobes partial SOD only
Obligate anaerobes no

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14
Q

Culture media acc to consistency

A

Solid»currently determination by morphology
Semi solid»microaerophilic bacteria and bacteria motility
Liquid /broth»fermentation and tests.

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15
Q

Culture acc to composition

A

Natural»milk urine
Semisynthetic»potato dextrose
Synthetic»all chemical composition known/metabolic nature

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16
Q

Agar acc to purpose 6

A

Selective»only one type grows and inhibits the others
Enrichment»increases the growth of desired type
Differential»visually difference due to metabolism
Enriched»wide range of nutrients fastidious
Assay»antibiotic /vitamins
Maintanance»maintain viability no glucose

17
Q

Key element of gram +ve bacteria

A

Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids

18
Q

DNA in prokaryotes is

A

Nucleoid

19
Q

Cell wall
Algae
Fungi
Yeast
Protozo
bacteria

A

Cellulose
Chitin
Glucan+mannan
Pellicle(flexible)
Peptidoglycan

20
Q

Key elements of eukaryotes
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleus

A

Sterols that resist lysis+ endocytosis
Cytoplasmic streaming to distribute nutrients
80s ribosomes
Presence of nucleus + histones + double membrane and nuclear pores

21
Q

Where is rRNA synthesised

A

In nucleus
Then assembled with proteins in cytoplasm to form ribosomes

22
Q

ER sacs
SER stores

A

Cisternae continuous with nuclear membrane
Lipids and steroids

23
Q

Golgi vesicles
Golgi synthesis

A

Transport» ER to golgi
Transfer» cisternae to another
Secretory» golgi >out
Glycoproteins /glycolipids/ lipoproteins

24
Q

Vacoules
Peroxisomes

A

Cytoplasmic space enclosed by tonoplast from golgi
Stores toxins and metabolic waste
Endocytosis
Water up take for rigidity

Catalase and oxidase enzymes, ROS to neutral
Oxidises toxins

25
Q

Mitochondria
Chloroplast

A

2 membranes , cristae, matrix
ATP synthesis, calcium balance
2 membranes, granum, thylakoids, photosynthesis, stroma, chloroplast
70s, circular DNA , semi independent

26
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of filaments forming frameworks
Microtubules»tubulin protein
Microfilaments»actin
Intermediate filaments» keratin, links both

27
Q

Cilia vs flagella

A

Short. Long
Large no. Few
Synchronized. Independent
100s. Less than 10
Key element for eukaryotes. Not

28
Q

Bacteria that has sterols

A

Mycoplasma

Micro (9 decks)

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