Final Exam Vocabulary

Question 1

Correlation

Answer 1

A number that describes the extent to which two variables are related to each other

Question 2

Spurious Correlation

Answer 2

Correlation that is brought about due to the influence of a third variable

ex: shark attacks and ice cream sales

Question 3

Pearson’s r

Answer 3

Measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between variables

aka: correlation coefficient

Question 4

Covariance

Answer 4

measures the variability of two variables about their means

indicates correlation direction but not strength

“unstandardized value”

Question 5

X-Variable (4)

Answer 5

• independent
• predictor
• regressor
• explanatory

Question 6

Y-Variable

Answer 6

• dependent
• predicted
• regressed
• response
• criterion

Question 7

Residuals

Answer 7

aka: error

difference between the observed and expected value

Question 8

Sum of Squares

Answer 8

Variability

Question 9

Mean Squared

Answer 9

Variance

(variability divided by df)

Question 10

Coefficient of Determination

Answer 10

the proportion of variability in Y that can be explained by the variability in x

Question 11

Residual Variation

Answer 11

VARIATION in Y that can not be predicted by X

(1 - coefficient of determination)

Question 12

Residual Variability

Answer 12

Error variability (SSE)

Question 13

Test the Significance of the Overall Model

Answer 13

Rho Squared (p^2)

F-Statistic

Question 14

df total

Answer 14

n-1

Question 15

df regression

Answer 15

1

Question 16

df error

Answer 16

n-2

Question 17

df t-test

Answer 17

n-2

Question 18

conditional distribution

Answer 18

the distribution of Y scores associated with the same
value of X

Question 19

Homoscedasticity

Answer 19

the observed values of Y vary to the same degree at each level of X

aka conditional distributions are normal and have roughly the same variance

Question 20

Standard Error of the Estimate

Answer 20

standard deviation of the residuals about a mean of zero

Question 21

Standard Error of the Regression Coefficient

Answer 21

Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of all the possible b1 values

Question 22

OLS Simple Regression Assumptions

Answer 22

L - Linear Relationship

I - Independence of Errors: one error does not inform another

N - Normality of Error: the conditional distribution is normally distributed

E - Equal Variance: Hom