Week Five (Cell Cycle)

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

Full genetic info divided across chromosomes made of chromatin (DNA and proteins)

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Long thin chromitin fibres

Question 3

Sister Chromatids

Answer 3

2 joined copies of a chromosomes

Question 4

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 4

2 chromosomes with same genetic info

Question 5

Non sister chromatids

Answer 5

2 chromosomes from different homologous chromosomes

Question 6

Cell cycle

Answer 6

Ordered sequence of events from origin of cell to division

Question 7

2 phases of cell cycle

Answer 7

Interphase (growth) and mitosis/cytokinesis (division)

Question 8

Mechanisms regulating the cell cycle

Answer 8

3 checkpoints where progression is stop and waits until start signal

Question 9

G1 checkpoint

Answer 9

Determines if enough growth has occurred (enough nutrients)

Question 10

G2 checkpoint

Answer 10

Checks DNA integrity (no mutations)

Question 11

M checkpoint

Answer 11

Checks all sister chromatids are connected to kinetochore microtubules

Question 12

Cyclin dependent protein kinases

Answer 12

Present at certain concentration, interact with cyclin (whose concentration fluctuates)
Example: Maturation Promoting Factor (in G2 checkpoint)

Question 13

Process of interphase

Answer 13

G1 (growth)
S (DNA replication)
G2 (growth)

Question 14

Henrietta lacks

Answer 14

Cancer stem cells (HeLa cells) that are used in biological research (can live and grow on their own)

Question 15

Asexual Reproduction (and benefits)

Answer 15

Single parent, identical offspring
(faster and less energy)

Question 16

Sexual Reproduction (and benefits)

Answer 16

2 parents create genetically unique offspring
(genetic variability)

Question 17

Meiosis’s Role in genetic variability

Answer 17

Independent Assortment (2^n possibilities)
Random fertilization (any egg and sperm can fuse to produce zygote)
Crossing over (produces recombinant chromosomes)