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Applied Clinical Procedures > ECGs > Flashcards

ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

Bradycardia

A

<60 BPM

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2
Q

when is intervention needed for those with bradycardia?

A

when it is severe =< 30 bpm as it will likely compromise cardiac output

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3
Q

summary of ECG finding for bradycardia
regularity?

A

regular

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4
Q

summary of ECG finding for bradycardia
p wave?

A

uniform shape
one wave in front of every QRS complex

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5
Q

summary of ECG finding for bradycardia
QRS?

A

one following each p wave
QRS complexes appear normal

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6
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

rhythm originating from SA node; rate is too fast
>100 bpm, <160 bpm

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7
Q

summary of ECG finding for tachycardia
QRS?

A

one following p wave
less than 0.12s (3 squares wide)

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8
Q

summary of ECG finding for tachycardia
t wave?

A

one following the QRS complex

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9
Q

summary of ECG finding for tachycardia
regularity?

A

regular

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10
Q

immediate notification is needed if the rate is over ____ or less than ____.

A

over 180 bpm, less than 30 bpm

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11
Q

atrial tachycardia

A

single ectopic focus in atria over the SA node regulating heart rate leading to fast regular rhythm but not enough time for vents to fill properly

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12
Q

summary of ECG finding for atrial tachycardia
QRS?

A

less than 0.12s (3 squares)

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13
Q

summary of ECG finding for atrial tachycardia
rate?

A

150-250 bpm

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14
Q

summary of ECG finding for atrial tachycardia
p wave?

A

abnormal shape; one in front of every QRS complex – but sometimes can be hidden in t-wave

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15
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

multiple foci generating electrical impulses in atria
atria is no longer beating but rather just quivering.

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16
Q

is atrial fib dangerous?

A

not if ventricles are still functioning ok.
if there is blood pooling at atria and clotting occurs, then it can be life threatening.

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17
Q

summary of ECG finding for atrial fibrillation
QRS?

A

normal when occurs

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18
Q

summary of ECG finding for atrial fibrillation
regularity?

A

very irregular

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19
Q

summary of ECG finding for atrial fibrillation
rate?

A

> 350 bpm

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20
Q

summary of ECG finding for atrial fibrillation
p wave?

A

no discernible p waves just fibrillatory waves

21
Q

atrioventricular block

A

conduction disturbances within AV node

22
Q

three types of heart blocks

A
  1. first degree
  2. second degree
  3. third degree
23
Q

blocks resulting in delay in conduction of impulse from atria to ventricles

A

1st and 2nd

24
Q

blocks resulting in the impulse no longer travelling from atria to ventricles

A

3rd = complete heart block

25
Q

characteristics of first degree block

A
  • increased PR interval (0.12s to 0.20s)
26
Q

characteristics of second degree block

A
  • few missed QRS complexes
27
Q

characteristics of third degree block

A
  • p wave without corresponding QRS complex
28
Q

if a patient has LBBB, why can we not do stressing with dobutamine?

A

it can lead to false positive septal defect

29
Q

what does a notched p wave indicate?

A

left atrial enlargement

30
Q

PVC on an ECG

A

wide QRS complex with T wave in opposite direction

31
Q

when are PVCs significant?

A

when there is five or more per minute
or
three or more in a row
or
PVC falling on T wave that ends up triggering ventricular tachy

32
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

series of PVCs causes the ventricles to become irritable and it overtakes the normal pacemaker of the heart

33
Q

why do myocardial infarcts occur?

A

due to occlusion or blockage of the coronary arteries causes deprivation of oxygen and nutrients which will eventually cause tissue death

34
Q

3 components to diagnosis MI

A
  1. hx and physical examination
  2. troponins I and T
  3. ECGs
35
Q

trops will be elevated in ___ hours after cellular damage.

A

6 hours!

36
Q

ECG changes following acute myocardial infarction
T wave

A

onset: t waves = tall and narrow, peaking
few hours after: t waves = invert

37
Q

ECG changes following acute myocardial infarction
ST segment

A

onset: segment elevated
later: returns to baseline within few hours

38
Q

ECG changes following acute myocardial infarction
Q wave

A

new Q waves = MI
appears from hours to several days
and can persists for the life of the patient

39
Q

significant q wave

A

indicative of infarction for duration greater than 0.04 secs
1/3 height of R wave

40
Q

ST segment depression indicate …

A

myocardial ischemia

41
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

lack of blood flow to myocardium to meet the myocardial physiological requirements

42
Q

ventricular pacemaker on ECG

A

pacemaker spike followed by wide QRS (shows R vent depolarization then L vent depolarization)

43
Q

atrial pacemaker on ECG

A

spike followed by P wave and normal QRS

44
Q

atrial and ventricular pacemaker

A

spike - p wave - spike - normal QRS

45
Q

beta 1 receptors

A

responsible for heart rate and strength

46
Q

beta 2

A

function of smooth muscles (muscles we have no control over)

47
Q

selective beta blockers

A

block beta 1 receptors more than beta 2

48
Q

non-selective beta blockers

A

block both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors

49
Q
A

Applied Clinical Procedures (6 decks)

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