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Finals > MATH 100 > Flashcards

MATH 100 Flashcards

1
Q

Least Square Regression Line Equation

A

y = a + (b)(x)

[(-) if b is negative]

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2
Q

Predicted Score (outcome)

Dependent Variable

A

y

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3
Q

the y-intercept

A

a

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4
Q

The Slope of the Line

A

b

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5
Q

Independent Variable
(controlled-manipulated-change) explanatory

A

x

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6
Q

Regression Table

A

x I y I x2 I y2 I xy

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7
Q

Formula of a

A

a= (y)(x2) – (x) (xy)
——————————
N (x2) – (x)2

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8
Q

Formula of b

A

b= N (XY) - (X) (Y)
—————————
N (X2) - (X)2

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9
Q

The degree that describes the relationship between two sets of variables.

A

Correlation

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10
Q

The strength of a correlation is measured by?

A

Correlation Coefficient R

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11
Q

other term for R

A

Pearson Product Moment Correlation

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12
Q

Who developed Pearson Product Correlation?

A

Carl Pearson

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13
Q

Equation of r

A

r= (n(Σxy)-(Σx)(Σy))
____________________________________
(√[n[(Σx^2 )-(∑x)^2][n(Σy^2 )-(Σy)^2])

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14
Q

Correlation ranges from

A

-1 to 1 only

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15
Q

0.00 to +/- 0.19

A

No correlation exist

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16
Q

+/-0.20 to +/- 0.39

A

Slight correlation exist

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17
Q

+/- 0.40 to +/- 0.59

A

Substantial correlation exist

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18
Q

+/- 0.60 to +/- 0.79

A

Significant correlation exist

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19
Q

+/- 0.80 to +/- 0.99

A

Very significant correlation exist

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20
Q

+/- 1

A

Perfect correlation exist

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21
Q

to estimate roughly the relationship existing between two variables, by drawing a straight line intersecting as many points as possible in the graph.

A

The Scatterpoint Diagram

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22
Q

Positive Correlation / direct relationship

A

left to right (upwards)

*some positive - if scattered

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23
Q

Negative Correlation/ inverse relationship

A

left to right (downwards)

*some negative - if scattered

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24
Q

Zero Correlation/no relationship

A

scattered left and right (magulo)

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25
Q

the rate of revenues received for every dollar on invested in an item or activity

A

ROI

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26
Q

An instrument that signifies ownership in a corporation and represents a claim on a share of a corporation’s assets and profits. Typically riskier and long-term investments.

A

Stock

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27
Q

An instrument that signifies ownership in a corporation and represents claim on a share of a corporation’s assets and profits. Stocks are typically riskier and long-term investments. Low risk

A

Bonds

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28
Q

State law requires corporations pay bond payments on time, a given priority over other financial obligations

A

Corporate Bonds

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29
Q

Very safe, high quality

A

Government Bonds

30
Q

 Tax-free on interest for federal returns!!
 Lower interest rates, but good overall returns due to tax-exempt status

A

Municipal Bonds

31
Q

Are open-ended investments that are professionally managed and consist of a variety of investment instruments including stocks, bonds, options, commodities, and money market securities. Long gterm.

A

Mutual Funds

32
Q

A piece of land and any buildings or structures on it. Real estate is a long-term investment.

A

Real estate

33
Q

The cost of credit on a yearly basis as a percentage rate.

A

Annual Percentage Rate (APR)

34
Q

A form of security to help guarantee that a creditor will be repaid.

A

Collateral

35
Q

A legal agreement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future.

A

Credit

36
Q

The 3 C’s of Credit:

A
  1. Capacity
  2. Capital
  3. Character
37
Q

A type of interest that is paid only on the original amount deposit
and not on past interest paid.

A

Simple Interest

38
Q

Simple Interest

A

I = Prt
A = P+I = P(1 + rt)

39
Q

Time of Simple interest

A

T = I/PR

40
Q

Principal

A

P = I/RT

41
Q

Rate

A

R = I/PT

42
Q

Interest on Interest

A

Compounding Interest

43
Q

Compounding Interest Formula

A

F=P*(1+i)^n

  • n is number of years
44
Q

Compounding Interest Time Formula

A

t = Log10 (A/P)
————————
n Log10 (1+ r/n)

45
Q

method of paying a loan (principal and interest) on installment basis, usually of equal amounts at regular intervals

A

Amortization Method

46
Q

a loan, secured by collateral, that the borrower is obliged to pay at specified terms

A

Mortgage

47
Q

Find the mortgage

A

down payment = (down payment rate) (cash price)

mortgage amount/amount of loan
= (cash price) - (down payment)

48
Q

Alternate solution for mortgage

A

mortgage amount = % of financed amount x value of the property

= (.100 - %) (value of property)

49
Q

a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers “wrap around” upon reaching a certain value—the modulus (plural moduli)

A

modular arithmetic

50
Q

Who developed the modular arithmetic?

A

Carl Friedrich Gauss

51
Q

Properties of modular arithmetic

A

[(a mod n) + (b mod n)] mod n = (a + b) mod n
[(a mod n) - (b mod n)] mod n = (a - b) mod n
[(a mod n) x (b mod n)] mod n = (a x b) mod n

52
Q

Examples

A
  1. 11 mod 8 = 3; 15 mod 8 = 7
    [(11 mod 8 ) + (15 mod 8)] mod 8 = 10 mod 8 = 2
    (11 + 15) mod 8 = 26 mod 8 = 2
  2. [(11 mod 8 ) - (15 mod 8)] mod 8 = -4 mod 8 = 4
    (11 - 15) mod 8 = -4 mod 8 = 4
  3. [(11 mod 8 ) x (15 mod 8)] mod 8= 165 mod 8 = 5
    (11 x 15) mod 8 = 165 mod 8 = 5
53
Q

How to solve for mod

A

Ex: 3 mod 7

= 3/7 = 0.4285
= .4285 x 7 (get only the decimals)

54
Q

in a stage of an algortithm

A

Ex: 39*15 mod 11

39 mod 11 = 6 and 15 mod 11 = 4
6x4 mod 11 = 24 mod 11

(repeat until the least value)

55
Q

the study of methods for sending secret messages

A

Cryptography

56
Q

to convert the ciphertext back into plaintext

A

decryption

57
Q

a message, called plaintext, is converted into a form, called ciphertext

A

encryption

58
Q

an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption— a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure

A

Cipher

59
Q

encryption or decryption using Caesar Cipher

A

C = (M+ shift) mod 26

encrypt = +
decrypt = -

60
Q

numeric equivalents

A

A = 0 onwards

61
Q

An inequality is like an equation, but instead of an equal sign (=) it has one of these signs:

A

< : less than
≤ : less than or equal to
> : greater than
≥ : greater than or equal to

62
Q

Graphing rules:
<
≤
>
≥

A

< Left - open
≤ Left - closed
> Right - open
≥ Right - closed

63
Q

inequality by subtraction
solve for
X-15<73

A

x < 88

If (-) = add

64
Q

inequality by addition
y+15<25

A

y < 10

If (+) = subtract

65
Q

inequality by multiplication

A

x/5 = 10

5 (x/5) = 10x5

x = 50

66
Q

inequality by division

A

5x > 20

5x/5 > 20/5

x> 4

67
Q

when solving a negative number

A

flip the sign

68
Q

x+6 ≤ 7
3 ≤ x-5
-3x ≥ -15
x-9 > -5

A
  1. x ≤ 1
  2. 8 ≤ x or x ≥ 8
  3. x ≤ 5
  4. x > 4
69
Q

greater than/less than

A

dotted line

70
Q

greater than/less than/equal to

A

solid line

71
Q

greater than or greater than, equal to

A

Shade Above the Line

72
Q

less than or less than, equal to

A

Shade below the line

Finals (6 decks)

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