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Biology > ATP > Flashcards

ATP Flashcards

1
Q

What is ATP

A

nucleotide derivative

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2
Q

What is ribose

A

5 - C sugar

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3
Q

Describe the forward reaction Hydrolysis ATP hydrolase
ATP -> ADP +Pi

A
  • Catalyzed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase.
  • will hydrolyze the bond between phosphates 2 & 3 (bond a) leaving Adenosine diphosphate (ATP) & Pi (phosphate)
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4
Q

Describe the backwards reaction of the Condensation ADP synthases
ATP <- ADP+ Pi

A
  • ATP syntheses catalyses condensation reactions between APP & Pi
  • during photosynthesis and respiration
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5
Q

What is the crutial adaptation of ATP

A
  • It can be rapidity resynthesized
  • Recycled for various bodily functions
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6
Q

Properties of a phosphate group

A
  • Phosphate release in the hydrolysis of ATP, Phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive
  • crucial in bodily reactions
  • e.g. glycolysis
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7
Q

properties of ATP in Cells

A
  • Can be rapidly resynthesized
  • wont release a large amount of ATP to compensate that it has to release small amount of energy at a time
  • Cannot leave the cell = ATP to be constantly used
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8
Q

Show how ATP is synthesized from ADP ?

A

ADP + Pi -> ATP

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9
Q

Properties of ATP in biological processes

A
  • release small amount of energy at a time
    = so enzymes are not denatured
  • releases energy instantaneously = hydrolysis of ATP - simple reaction
  • Soluble
  • Broken down in one step making energy avaliable rapidly
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10
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Aerobic respiration is made of four stages:
- glycolysis, the link reaction,
- the Krebs cycle and
- oxidative phosphorylation.
- During aerobic respiration, glucose is effectively burned inside our bodies (it reacts with oxygen) to produce carbon dioxide, water and lots of energy in the form of ATP.

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11
Q

Equation for Aerobic Respiration?

A

C6H1206 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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12
Q

What type of Exercise is more effective to loose body fat?

A
  • Low intensity bc fat is mainly used at low intensity
  • Long duration exercises Percentage fat increases with time
  • Carbohydrates used decrease with time
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13
Q

Process of ATP formation

A
  • reaction releases a lot of energy
  • used in other reactions within cells
  • Pi is used to phosphorylate other compounds as well
  • during respiration and photosynthesis ATP synthase can remake ATP by condensation of ADP + Pi
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14
Q

What is the biological importance of H+ ion?

A
  • higher conc. of H+
  • = lower PH,
  • enzyme reactions rely on the maintenance of PH level
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15
Q

What is the biological importance of Fe2+/Fe3+ ion?

A
  • in hemoglobin the Fe binds to O2
  • allows transportation around the body
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16
Q

What is the biological importance of Na+ ion?

A
  • used in co- transport of C6H12O6 and amino acids
17
Q

What is the biological importance of PO4 3- ion?

A

Phosphate found in both nucleotides and ATP

18
Q

What is an inorganic ion and where do they occur?

A
  • they are charged atoms or group of atoms
  • occur in solution in the cytoplasm and body fluids of organisms,
  • some in high concentrations and others in very low concentrations
19
Q

ATP is resynthesized by the condensation of ADP and Pi. What enzyme is this catalyzed by and during what processes ?

A
  • ATP is resynthesized by the condensation of ADP and Pi.
  • This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme ATP synthase during photosynthesis, or during respiration.
20
Q

KEY POINTS !

A
  • Adenosine triphosphate is composed of the nitrogenous base adenine, the five-carbon sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups.
  • ATP is hydrolysed to ADP in the reaction ATP+H2O→ADP+Pi+ free energy
  • ADP is combined with a phosphate to form ATP in the reaction ADP + Pi+ free energy→ATP+H2O.
  • The energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP is used to perform cellular work, usually by coupling the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions.
  • Sodium-potassium pumps use the energy derived from exergonic ATP hydrolysis to pump sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane while phosphorylation drives the endergonic reaction.
21
Q

Like most chemical reactions, the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is reversible. The reverse reaction combines ADP + Pi to regenerate ATP from ADP. How?

A

-Since ATP hydrolysis releases energy, ATP synthesis must require an input of free energy.

ADP is combined with a phosphate to form ATP in the following reaction:

ADP + Pi + free energy → ATP + H2O

22
Q

Suitable ‘energy currency’

A
  • higher the energy bonds between phosphate groups

Biology (13 decks)

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