top-down approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Founding evidence

A

FBI in 1970s
Interviewed 36 sexually-motivated murderers, concluded data that was categorised into organised and disorganised offenders

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2
Q

Organised offender

A

Planned the crime in advance, victim is targeted and killer usually has a type. Offender has high degree of control, little evidence left at seen.
- intelligent, skilled proffesioinal
- social and sexual competence
- married with a family

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3
Q

Disorganised

A

Spontaneous crimes, body usually left at crime scene
- Low IQ
- Unskilled or unemployed
- sexual dysfunction/ failed relationships
- live alone and close to where offence took place

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4
Q

Profile construction

A
  1. Data assimilation
  2. Crime scene classification
  3. Crime reconstruction
  4. Profile generation
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5
Q

Research support

A

Canter (2004)
Small space analysis (identify correlations) 100 US serial killers. Co-occurence of 39 aspects of killings e.g. torture or restraint, weapon used
Analysis revealed subset of features - matched FBI typology for organised offenders
- has validity

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6
Q

Offender types not mutually exclusive

A

Godwin (2002) Difficult to classify killers as one or the other type, killer may have contrasting characteristics.
Organised-disorganised typology is probably more of a continuum

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7
Q

Wider application

A

Meketa (2017) Applied top-down approach to burglary, led to 85% rise in solved cases across 3 US states.
2 new categories:
opportunistic= inexperienced young offender
interpersonal= knows victim, steals something of significance

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8
Q

Flawed evidence

A

FBI interviewed 36 murderers, 25 were serial killers. 24 organised 12 were disorganised. Canter - sample was small, all similar offenders, interview had no standardised questions.
No sound, scientific basis

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9
Q

Personality

A

Approach based upon principle of behavioural consistency. Mischel (1968) people’s behaviour is driven more by the situation than personality. Behavioural patterns at a crime scene tells little about everyday life

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