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MTLE: Clinical Chemistry > NPN > Flashcards

NPN Flashcards

1
Q

Used for monitoring renal function

A

NPNs

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2
Q

It is the major excretory product of protein metabolism

A

Urea

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3
Q

Its concentration depend on renal function and perfusion

A

Urea

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4
Q

This is synthesized in the liver from CO2 and ammonia

A

Urea

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5
Q

It is used to determine nitrogen balance and aid in diagnosis of renal disease

A

BUN

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6
Q

This is used to verify adequacy of dialysis

A

BUN

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7
Q

It is the elevated concentration of all NPN in the blood

A

Azotemia

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8
Q

Increased in urea concentration accompanied by renal failure

A

Uremia/Uremic syndrome

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9
Q

Dehydration (Pre, Renal or Post renal)

A

Pre-renal

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10
Q

Shock (Pre, Renal or Post renal)

A

Pre renal

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11
Q

Decreased renal function (Pre, Renal or Post renal)

A

Renal

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12
Q

Intrinsic renal disease (Pre, Renal or Post renal)

A

Renal

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13
Q

Severe infection (Pre, Renal or Post renal)

A

Post renal

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14
Q

High urea, Normal creatinine

A

Pre renal

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15
Q

High urea and creatinine

A

Renal azotemia

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16
Q

Normal urea, high creatinine

A

Post renal

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17
Q

Condensation with diacetyl monoxime method follows what principle? (Urea determination)

A

Fearon’s reaction

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18
Q

It is also known as Friedman’s method or Xanthydrol method

A

Diacetyl Monoxime Method (Urea determination)

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19
Q

Color product from Diacetyl Monoxime method

A

Yellow diazine derivative

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20
Q

Product of reaction with o-phthaldehyde and naphthylethylenediamine (Urea determination)

A

Chromogen or colored product

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21
Q

Product of Micro-Kjeldahl Nessler method (Urea determination)

A

Yellow compound

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22
Q

An enzymatic method for urea determination that uses HCO3 + NH4 + Gum Ghatti (Alkaline) + Nessler reagent

A

Urease-Nessler’s method

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23
Q

An enzymatic method for urea determination that used sodium nitroprusside (alkaline) and phenol hypochlorite

A

Urease-Berthelot’s method

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24
Q

Measures the conductivity of ammonium for urea determination

A

Urease-conductimetric method

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25
Q

Reference method for urea determination that uses isotopically labelled compound

A

IDMS

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26
Q

Specimens for urea determination

A

Urine, Serum, and Plasma (Do not use citrate or fluoride)

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27
Q

Serum or plasma reference interval for urea

A

7-18 mg/dL

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28
Q

Aids in the differentiation of the cause of abnormal urea concentration

A

Urea N/Creatinine ratio

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29
Q

Normal Urea N/creatinine ratio

A

10:1 or 20:1

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30
Q

Creatinine is synthesized in the liver from what substances in the body?

A

Arg, Gly, and Methyl

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31
Q

It is the index of overall renal function

A

Creatinine

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32
Q

Formula for CrCl

A

Urine creatinineurine volume/plasma creatininetime

33
Q

Reference interval of creatinine for males

A

97-137 mL/min

34
Q

Female creatinine reference interval

A

88-128 mL/min

35
Q

This is NOT sensitive to mild renal dysfunction

A

Plasma creatinine

36
Q

A method used for creatinine determination that uses picric acid and 10% NaOH

A

Jaffe’s method

37
Q

Janovski complex (Red-orange totomer)

A

Creatinine Picrate

38
Q

Jaffe with adsorbent: Reagent used in Fuller’s Earth

A

Aluminum magnesium silicate

39
Q

Jaffe with adsorbent: Reagent used in Lloyd’s reagent

A

Sodium aluminum silicate

40
Q

Creatinine determination: measures absorbance of NADH

A

Creatininase-CK

41
Q

Creatinine determination: This is adapted for use as “dry slide” to replace Jaffe

A

Creatininase-H2O2

42
Q

Creatinine determination: Used reagent strip and produces PURPLE compound

A

DNBA

43
Q

Highly specific and accepted reference method for creatinine determination

A

IDMS

44
Q

This analyte requires non lipemic, non hemolyzed, non icteric serum or plasma but no fasting requirement

A

Creatinine

45
Q

Uric acid can cause an increase in this NPN

A

Creatinine

46
Q

This causes a negative bias in both Jaffe and enzymatic methods

A

Bilirubin

47
Q

Plasma creatinine is ____________ to Creatinine Clearance

A

Inversely proportional

48
Q

Creatine can be measured by

A

HPLC

49
Q

Plasma creatine is elevated in renal disease (True or False)

A

FALSE

50
Q

It is a final breakdown product of purine metabolism

A

Uric acid

51
Q

pH: monosodium urate

A

> 6.8 mg/dL

52
Q

pH: Uric acid crystal

A

pH: <5.75

53
Q

It is used to confirm diagnosis of Gout

A

Uric acid

54
Q

Assess inherited disorder of purine metabolism

A
55
Q

It is a result of urate precipitation

A

Gout

56
Q

Deposition of urate in tissues

A

Tophi

57
Q

They have higher risk for hyperuricemia

A

30-50 years old; menopausal women

58
Q

Value for hyperuricemia

A

> 6.0 mg/dL

59
Q

Seen in patients undergoing chemotherapy

A

Hyperuricemia

60
Q

Treatment for hyperuricemia that inhibits Xanthine oxidase

A

Allopurinol

61
Q

NOT a good indicator of renal function

A

Uric acid

62
Q

A condition with compete deficiency in HGPRT

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

63
Q

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a disease of what NPN

A

Uric acid

64
Q

Toxemia of pregnancy is an increase of

A

UA

65
Q

This disease is caused by defective tubular reabsorption (Fanconi’s syndrome) and over treatment with allopurinol

A

Hypouricemia

66
Q

It is also known as Caraway or Henry’s method

A

Direct redox method (UA determination)

67
Q

This method in UA determination converts ferric ion to ferrous iron

A

Iron Reduction method

68
Q

Also known as “Blauck and Koch” method that measures differential absorption of UA and allantoin at 290-293 nm (Near UV)

A

Uricase method

69
Q

Remedy in coupled enzymatic method when bilirubin and ascorbic acid destroy peroxide

A

Addition of potassium ferricyanide & ascorbate oxidase

70
Q

Reference interval for male UA values

A

3.7 - 7.2 mg/dL

71
Q

A result of deamination of amino acid during protein metabolism

A

Ammonia

72
Q

Reyes syndrome is a disease of what NPN?

A

Ammonia

73
Q

Coagulation tube used for UA determination

A

Heparinized

74
Q

Measures volatility of ammonia

A

Conway method (1935)

75
Q

Ammonia determination: Cation exchange resin is quantified by___________.

A

Berthelot’s reaction

76
Q

Indicator used in “Thin film chromatography”

A

Bromphenol Blue

77
Q

Anticoagulation tubes used in Ammonia determination

A

Heparin or EDTA

78
Q

RBC contains 2-3x more ammonia than plasma (True or False)

A

True

MTLE: Clinical Chemistry (3 decks)

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