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Pharmacology 100 > Central Nervous System Depressants and Opioids > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Depressants and Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the correct match of use for the sedative-hypnotics barbiturates?
A) Anti-epileptic
B) Anti-anxiety
C) Hypnotic
D) Antidote for benzodiazepines

A

A) Anti-epileptic

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2
Q

Which is the correct match of use for the sedative-hypnotics benzodiazepines?
A) Anti-epileptic
B) Anti-anxiety
C) Hypnotic
D) Antidote for benzodiazepines

A

B) Anti-anxiety

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3
Q

Which is the correct match of use for the sedative-hypnotics of benzodiazepine-like drugs?
A) Anti-epileptic
B) Anti-anxiety
C) Hypnotic
D) Antidote for benzodiazepines

A

C) Hypnotic

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4
Q

Which is the correct match of use for the sedative-hypnotics flumazenil?
A) Anti-epileptic
B) Anti-anxiety
C) Hypnotic
D) Antidote for benzodiazepines

A

D) Antidote for benzodiazepines

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5
Q

Which of the statements listed correctly applies to sedative-hypnotics?
A) Flumazenil is a GABA receptor agonist
B) Zopiclone, a benzo-like drug, is a GABA receptor agonist which has minimal effects on sleep
C) Benzodiazepines act on serotonin receptors
D) Barbiturates are rarely, if ever, associated with lethality

A

B) Zopiclone, a benzo-like drug, is a GABA receptor agonist which has minimal effects on sleep

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6
Q

Which one of the options listed has a pharmacological property of the benzodiazepines?
A) Benzos often cause lethality
B) The benzos do not exhibit cross tolerance with barbiturates
C) Tolerance occurs to the sedative and hypnotic effects of the benzodiazepines
D) Addiction does not develop to the benzos

A

C) Tolerance occurs to the sedative and hypnotic effects of the benzodiazepines

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7
Q

One pharmacological property of alcohol is that it is:
A) Classified as a CNS stimulant
B) Transferred across the placenta with some difficulty
C) Rapidly absorbed from the stomach and intestine
D) Able to produce tolerance but not withdrawal

A

C) Rapidly absorbed from the stomach and intestine

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8
Q

Which step of alcohol metabolism is considered rate-limiting?
A) Conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase
B) Conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde by the MEOS
C) Conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase
D) Conversion of acetate to carbon dioxide and water by a number of tissues

A

A) Conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase

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9
Q

The mechanism of action in cannabis is best described as:
A) Cannabis binds to the CB2 receptors on postsynaptic neuronal membranes in the brain
B) Cannabis binds to the CB1 receptors on postsynaptic neuronal membranes in the periphery
C) Cannabis binds to the CB1 receptors on presynaptic neuronal membranes in the brain
D) Cannabis binds to the CB2 receptors on presynaptic neuronal membranes in the brainstem

A

C) Cannabis binds to the CB1 receptors on presynaptic neuronal membranes in the brain

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10
Q

Which receptor does THC bind to?
A) Dopamine
B) Cannabinoid
C) Alpha
D) Beta

A

B) Cannabinoid

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11
Q

Why is methadone used in the treatment of OUD?
A) In combination with naloxone, it prevents the binding of opioids to the opioid receptor
B) It blocks mu opioid receptors in the case of overdose, preventing respiratory depression
C) It transfers individuals with OUD to an opioid that is long-acting and doesn’t cause euphoria in stable patients

A

C) It transfers individuals with OUD to an opioid that is long-acting and doesn’t cause euphoria in stable patients

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12
Q

Which one of these options is an adverse effect of opioids?
A) Mydriasis
B) Respiratory depression
C) Diarrhea
D) High body temperature

A

B) Respiratory depression

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13
Q

Which neurotransmitter do sedative hypnotics enhance the inhibitory effect of in the central nervous system?
A) Glutamate
B) GABA

A

B) GABA

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14
Q

Benzodiazepines are the most widely prescribed drug in the world.
A) True
B) False

A

A) True

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15
Q

How do benzodiazepines affect the opening of the chloride channel?
A) They increase the frequency of opening
B) They decrease the frequency of opening

A

A) They increase the frequency of opening

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16
Q

Which class of drugs is associated with the highest rate of overdose?
A) Barbiturates
B) Benzodiazepines
C) Opiates
D) Flumazenil

A

B) Benzodiazepines

17
Q

What is one of the main adverse affects of Barbiturate use?
A) represses REM sleep
B) represses all sleep types
C) neither option

A

A) represses REM sleep

18
Q

How do barbiturates affect the opening of the chloride channel?
A) They increase the frequency of opening
B) They decrease the frequency of opening
C) They increase the time the channel is open
D) They decrease the time the channel is open

A

C) They increase the time the channel is open

19
Q

Which brain receptor does Buspirone (Buspar) work on?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) GABA

A

B) Serotonin

20
Q

Ethanol can readily transfer across the placenta and distribute throughout a developing fetus.
A) True
B) False

A

A) True

21
Q

What % of ethanol in the body is eliminated by biotransformation, primarily in the liver?
A) 80%
B) 75%
C) 5%
D) 95%

A

D) 95%

22
Q

Alcohol (ethanol) and barbiturates both work on the CNS in similar ways, presenting a cross tolerance.
A) True
B) False

A

B) False

**This is true of benzodiazepines, not barbiturates.

23
Q

Which drug was initially used for it’s manufacture of rope?
A) the poppy plant
B) Cannabis sativa
C) Methamphetamine derivatives
D) Curare

A

B) Cannabis sativa

24
Q

What year did Cannabis become legal in Canada?
A) 2020
B) 2000
C) 2012
D) 2018

A

D) 2018

25
Q

Which endogenous ligand when activated inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters in CB1 receptors?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Anandamide
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

A

B) Anandamide

**This explains the reduction in cognitive function and CNS depressant effects seen with THC.

26
Q

What is the half life of THC?
A) 30 minutes
B) 7 hours
C) 20 hours
D) 30 hours

A

D) 30 hours

27
Q

Endogenous opioids are:
A) made in the body
B) semi-synthetic in nature
C) able to effect the perception of pain in the body
D) both A and C

A

D) both A and C

28
Q

________ are slightly altered versions of morphine that are chemically changed to obtain different pharmacological properties (ex: potency, duration of action, distribution), but typically maintain a very similar effect profile.
A) Semi-synthetic opioids
B) Synthetic opioids
C)endogenous opioids

A

A) Semi-synthetic opioids

29
Q

Opioids can cause severe constipation, which is one of it’s most primary effects. Which OTC medication is included in the opioid class and can be used to treat diarrhea?
A) Tylenol
B) aldehyde
C) Loperamide

A

C) Loperamide

30
Q
A

Pharmacology 100 (6 decks)

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