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Physiology > Physio Module 6 > Flashcards

Physio Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q 
Regurgitation of stomach contents is normally prevented by the actions of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. lower esophageal sphincter
B. gastroesophageal sphincter
C. esophageal hiatus
D. glottis
A

A

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3
Q 
Where is the swallowing center located 
A. Frontal lobe 
B. Medulla 
C. Cerebellum 
D. Hypothalamus
A

B

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4
Q

Below is a list of events that occur during the act of vomiting.

  1. the LES and UES are open
  2. forced inspiration against a closed glottis
  3. reverse peristalsis from the mid small intestine
  4. the LES is open and the UES is closed
  5. relaxation of the pyloric sphincter
  6. forceful contractions of the stomach
    Indicate the correct sequence of events involved in the act of vomiting
A. 5, 3, 2, 6, 4, 1
B. 3, 5, 6, 2, 1, 4
C. 3, 5, 2, 6, 1, 4
D. 5, 3, 6, 2, 1, 4
E. 3, 5, 2, 6, 4, 1
A

E

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5
Q

The ff are produced un the duodenum except
A. Secretin
B. Cholecystokinin
C. Gastrin
D. Glucose dependent insulinotropic hormone

A

C. Sa stomach

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7
Q 
What inhibits the activity of the migrating motor complex 
A. Food 
B. Motilin 
C. Bacteria 
D. None of the above
A

A.

Motilin stimulates it

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8
Q 
The main hormone that stimulates hunger is \_\_\_\_\_.
A. CCK
B. polypeptide Y-Y
C. leptin
D. ghrelin
E. insulin
A

D.
Mnemonics
Ghrelin - go to restaurant
Leptin - leave restaurant

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10
Q

True or false. Amylase is active in the stomach

A

False.

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12
Q

A 45 year old woman presents with dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) for solid foods and liquids. A barium swallow reveals dilation of the proximal esophagus, and a beak-like tapering of the distal esophagus. You correctly diagnosis achalasia and fully expect to see all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A. increased tone in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
B. absence of a coordinated peristaltic effort down the esophagus
C. nonfunctional or absence of the esophageal intramural plexuses (i.e. ENS)
D. decreased amounts of skeletal muscle along the upper third of esophagus
E. simultaneous low pressure increases along the entire length of the esophagus during a swallow

A

D

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13
Q 
The following promotes gastric emptying except 
A. Gastrin 
B. Cholecystokinin 
C. Presence of food 
D. NOTA
A

B

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14
Q

Pacemaker of the GIT

A

Interstitial cell of Cajal

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16
Q 
Which of the ff functions as a valve and a sphincter 
A. Ileoceccal junction 
B. Upper esophageal sphincter 
C. Sphincter of ODDI 
D. Lower esophageal sphincter
A

A

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17
Q

Contraction of the outer longitudinal layer causes

A

Shortening of the GI segment

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21
Q 
The ff are characteristics of migrating motor complex except 
A. Slowest peristalsis 
B. Halted by food 
C. Mediated by motilin 
D. Occurs in between meals
A

A

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22
Q 
When stomach is filled with food, there will be an increase in colic motility 
A. Peristaltic reflex 
B. Enterogastric reflex 
C, gastrocolic reflex 
D. Defecation reflex
A

C

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23
Q

How does the autonomic nervous system affect salivary secretory rate?
A. Salivary secretory rate is decreased in response to parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation.
B. Salivary secretory rate is increased in response to parasympathetic stimulation and decreased in response to sympathetic stimulation.
C. Salivary secretory rate is decreased in response to parasympathetic stimulation and increased in response to sympathetic stimulation.
D. Salivary secretory rate is increased in response to parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation.

A

D

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24
Q 
Which of the following secretagogues or conditions is most likely to stimulate the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) from the duodenal mucosa?
A. amino acids
B. free fatty acids
C. glucose
D. high pH
E. hypotonicity
A

B

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25
Q 
John has an urge to defecate in the morning after he wakes up. What is called 
A. Gastrocolic reflex 
B. Intestinointestinal reflex 
C. Orthocolic reflex 
D. Peristaltic reflex
A

C

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26
Q 
The transport of which substance IS NOT Na+-dependant?
A. glucose
B. fructose
C. galactose
D. proline
E. tryptophan
A

B via facilitated diffusion

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27
Q 
What is the most common type of motility associated with the descending colon?
A. haustrations
B. antipropulsive movements
C. mass movement
D. perisatalsis
E. segmentation
A

A

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28
Q 
Where is vitamin C absorbed 
A. Stomach 
B. Duodenum 
C. Jejunum 
D. Ileum
A

B. Along with iron

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29
Q 
You have sat down to a scrumptious meal consisting of a spinach salad, a juicy piece of very lean filet mignion (16 oz.), a baked potato with generous gobs of butter and sour cream, and a fine glass of a robust wine. Which of the following represents the BEST order in which the above items are sequentially emptied from the stomach?
A. fillet mignion, potato, wine, butter
B. wine, filet mignion, potato, butter
C. potato, filet mignion, butter, wine
D. wine, potato, filet mignion, butter
E. potato, wine, butter, filet mignion
A

D

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30
Q 
What stimulates the sensory neurons of myenteric plexus to initiate peristalsis 
A. Norepinephrine 
B. Epinephrine 
C. Dopamine 
D. Serotonin 
E. Acetylcholine
A

D

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31
Q 
Crossing of nutrients across the epithelial lining is an example of the \_\_\_\_\_ process of the GIT 
A. Motility 
B. Secretion 
C. Digestion 
D. Absorption
A

D

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32
Q

Which gastrointestinal function IS NOT caused by cholecystokinin?
A. contraction of the bladder
B. increased rate of gastric emptying
C. increased secretion of pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes
D. potentiation of secretin-induced pancreatic secretion rich in bicarbaonate
E. potentiation of secretin-induced bile production

A

B

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33
Q

Myenteric oscillation potentials are characterized as__________ slow waves which are ____________ likely to generate spontaneous action potentials.
A. High amplitude & low frequency - Less
B. High amplitude & low frequency - More
C. Low amplitude & high frequency - Less
D. Low amplitude & high frequency - More

A

D

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34
Q

Which of the following IS NOT a function of hepatocytes?
A. active uptake of plasma bile acids
B. synthesis of primary bile acids from cholesterol
C. conjugation secondary bile acids
D. conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogen
E. secretion of bile acids into bile canaliculi

A

D

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35
Q

Which bond is cleaved by the action of isomaltase?
A. α-1, 4 glycosidic bonds of maltose
B. α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds of α-limit dextrins
C. α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds of maltriose
D. β-1,,4 glycosidic bond of trehalose
E. β-1, 6 glycosidic bond of lactase

A

B

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36
Q

Which cells type is PROPERLY matched with its secretion?
A. Enteroendocrine cell - Trypsinogen
B. Chief cell - Intrinsic factor
C. Parietal cell – Gastrin
D. G-cell - Pepsinogen
E. Enterochromaffin-like cell - Histamine

A

E

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37
Q 
The HCl in the stomach serves to perform all of the following except
A. activate the enzyme pepsinogen.
B. break peptide bonds in proteins.
C. denature proteins in food.
D. provide optimum pH for pepsin.
A

B

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38
Q

The hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach will do all of the following except _____________.
A. kill microbial organisms
B. catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds
C. denature dietary proteins
D. stimulate the activation of pepsin

A

B

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39
Q 
Passage of food from the mouth to the stomach is exhibited by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ process of the GIT 
A. Motility 
B. Secretion 
C. Digestion 
D. Absorption
A

A

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40
Q 
Where is intrinsic factors produced 
A. Stomach 
B. Duodenum 
C. Jejunum 
D. Ileum
A

A

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41
Q 
The absorptive surface area of the small intestine is increased by all of the following except \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. villi
B. microvilli
C. crypts of Lieberkhn
D. plicae circulares
A

C. For new epithelium synthesis

42
Q 
Hydrolysis of carbohydrates represents what physiologic process 
A. Motility 
B. Secretion 
C. Digestion 
D. Absorption
A

C

43
Q

The ff describes the inner circular layer except
A. Its contraction produces the opposite effect of external longitudinal muscle contraction
B. There are more gap junctions in circular muscle than in longitudinal muscle
C. Contraction causes an decrease in the length of the organ
D. Contraction causes a decrease in the diameter of the lumen

A

C

44
Q 
Most of the digestive system receives its parasympathetic innervation from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. vagus nerve
B. thoracic spinal nerves
C. lumbar spinal nerves
D. sacral spinal nerves
A

A

45
Q 
Which of the following is a brush border enzyme?
A. pepsin
B. lactase
C. trypsin
D. amylase
A

B

46
Q 
In the small intestine, lipids are absorbed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. into the lacteals
B. into the intestinal crypts
C. by the actions of enterokinase
D. by goblet cells
A

A

47
Q 
Mucus is secreted throughout much of the GI tract by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. G cells
B. enterochromaffin-like cells
C. parietal cells
D. goblet cells
A

D

48
Q 
The ff are homologous expect 
A. Gastrin 
B. Glucagon 
C. Secretin 
D. Glucose dependent insulinotropic hormone 
E. Vasoactive intestinal peptide
A

A

49
Q 
The ff inhibits acid secretion except 
A. Gastrin 
B. Somatostatin 
C. GIP 
D. NOTA
A

A

53
Q 
Characteristics of the law of the gut except 
A. There is peristalsis 
B. Oral to caudal direction 
C. Needs mesenteric plexus 
D. Needs myenteric plexus
A

C

59
Q

Where does protein digestion start

A

Stomach

62
Q

Contraction of the inner circular layer causes

A

Dec in diameter of the lumen

66
Q

Neurotransmitter that mediates the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter when bolus approaches the lower end of the esophagus

A

VIP

69
Q

True or false. Spike potentials are action potential

A

True

70
Q 
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results to the ff except 
A. Decrease GI emptying 
B. Diarrhea 
C. Relaxation of anal sphincter 
D. None of the above
A

A,

74
Q 
Which part of the GIT would produce most neutral secretion 
A. Saliva 
B. Stomach 
C. Small intestine 
D. Large intestine
A

A

78
Q

Which part of the GIT has the maximum frequency of contraction
A. Colon
B. Small intestine
C. Stomach

A

B

79
Q

The ff describes the external longitudinal layer except
A. external longitudinal muscle produces a lesser powerful contraction than the circular layer
B. There are less layers of in longitudinal muscle than in circular muscle
C. Contraction causes an decrease in the length of the organ
D. Contraction causes a decrease in the diameter of the lumen

A

D

80
Q

Characteristic mixing movement in the large intestine is called

A

Haustrations

82
Q

Which of the ff statements is false
A. The digestive system is consist of the GIT only
B. Sphincters functions are to isolate one region from the next and provide selective retention of contents or prevent backflow
C. Venous drainage of the GIT first passes thru the portal circulation before going to vena cava
D. Slow waves are NOT affected by parasympathetic nervous system

A

A. Consists of GIT and the accesory organs

83
Q 
Gastrin secretion is stimulated by the ff except 
A. Bombesin 
B. Food 
C. Distention of the stomach 
D, NOTA
A

D

84
Q 
Enzymes provide an intraluminal environment for digestion. This refers to 
A. Motility 
B. Secretion 
C. Digestion 
D. Absorption
A

B

85
Q

Why is the small intestine the main site of absorption and not the stomach

A

Larger surface area in the small intestine so longer time mag stay un food sa stomach

86
Q

A patient is diagnose with acute pancreatitis, this means the ff except
A. Amount of Trypsinogen > trypsin inhibitor
B. Results in auto digestion of pancreas
C. Pain is managed by giving morphine
D. There will be elevated serum amylase

A

C. Meperidine NOT morphine!!!!

87
Q

What does GIP means?

A

Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

88
Q 
Where can you see retropulsion 
A. Stomach 
B. Duodenum 
C. Jejunum 
D. Ileum
A

A

89
Q 
Spike potentials are inhibited by the ff except 
A. Acetylcholine 
B. VIP 
C. Nitric oxide 
D. ATP
A

A. Stimulant along with substance P

90
Q

Characteristic mixing movement along the large intestine

A

Haustrations

91
Q 
What ion cause depolarization in the GIT 
A. Sodium 
B. Potassium 
C. Calcium 
D. Chlorine
A

C

92
Q 
Parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ gastric emptying rate and \_\_\_\_\_\_ gastric emptying time 
A. Increase, increase 
B. Inc , dec 
C, dec, inc 
D. Dec, dec
A

B

94
Q

A drug was discovered to inhibit the CCK. What will happen to gastric emptying rate
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. No change

A

A

95
Q 
Where is water mainly absorbed 
A. Stomach 
B. Duodenum 
C. Jejunum 
D. Ileum
A

C.

96
Q 
The ff may cause paralysis of swallowing except 
A. Damage to CN V, IX, XII 
B. Encephalopathy, poliomyelitis 
C. Deep anesthesia 
D. Muscle dystrophy, MG, botulism
A

A. CN V, IX, X

97
Q 
Which of the ff cells is correctly matched? 
A. Parietal cell: intrinsic factor 
B. C cell: pepsin 
C. ECL cell: serotonin 
D. Chief cells : mucus
A

A

98
Q 
Where is intrinsic factor absorbed 
A. Stomach 
B. Duodenum 
C. Jejunum 
D. Ileum
A

D

99
Q 
Which of the ff condition presents with decreases surface area for absorption of nutrients 
A. Achalasia 
B. Diarrhea 
C. Hirschsprung disease 
d. Gluten enteropathy 
E. AOTA
A

D

100
Q

This disease results to megacolon, with the same manifestation as achalasia but there is no Bird’s beak seen

A

Hirschsprung disease

101
Q 
Slow waves do not usually cause action potential except in the 
A. Stomach 
B. Duodenum 
C. Jejunum 
D. Ileum 
E. Esophagus
A

A

102
Q 
The ff may cause depolarization of GI smooth muscles except 
A. Ach 
B. Substance P 
C. ATP 
D. Stretch 
E. NOTA
A

C

103
Q 
The maximum frequency of segmentation is dependent on 
A. Slow waves 
B. Myenteric plexus 
C. Mesenteric plexus 
D. A and b 
E. A and c
A

D

104
Q 
The ff enhance small intestine motility except 
A. Gastrin 
B. CCK 
C. Glucagon 
D. Motilin
E. Serotonin
A

C. And secretin

105
Q 
Slow waves causes what ion to go inside the cell 
A. Sodium
B. Potassium 
C. Calcium 
D. Bicarbonate
A

A.

112
Q 
Amylases destroy what bond 
A. Glycosidic
B. Peptide 
C. Sulfhydrl 
D. Ester
A

A

114
Q 
Inhibitors of gastric emptying act by \_\_\_\_\_ pyloric pump and \_\_\_\_\_ tone of the pyloric sphincter 
A. Stimulating, increasing 
B. Stimulating, decreasing 
C. Inhibiting, increasing 
D. Inhibiting, decreasing.
A

C

115
Q 
Effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on salivary gland 
A. Inc, dec
B. Inc, inc
C. Dec, inc
D. Dec, dec
A

B

116
Q

The ff describes lactose intolerance except
A. European in descent
B. Does not like drinking milk
C. Experiences diarrhea after eating ice cream
D. Decrease in the number of lactases

A

A. Mas prone if Asian descent

117
Q 
Main hormone that stimulates parietal cell 
A. CCK 
B. Secretin
C. Gastrin 
D. Histamine 
E. Acetylcholine
A

C

118
Q 
Component of chyme that causes secretin release 
A. Mucus 
B. Nutrients 
C. HCl 
D. Water
A

C

119
Q

Characteristic mixing movement in the small intestine is called

A

Segmentation

120
Q 
Macronutrient more impaired in sprue 
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein 
C. Fats 
D. Nucleic acid
A

C

Physiology (9 decks)

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