Application of recombinant DNA technology Flashcards
Population genetics
change in genetic information among individuals over generations
What are the general approaches to biotechnology?
Express a cloned gene or cDNA in a transformed organism using an expression vector appropriate to the host organism (range from bacteria to mammals). Edit genes by introducing small mutations in the form of single nucleotide change or indels.
Genetic engineering in mammals
Proteins are easy to isolate via milk; gene of interest is placed next to promoter active only in mammary tissue (beta-lactoglobin); recombinant DNA is microinjected into ova, and each ovum implanted into foster mother; transgenic offspring are detected by PCR; at maturity the beta-lactoglobin promoter is activated and the GOI is expressed and the product of interest is obtained from milk
Two major methods for transformation in plants
Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens; gene gun to inject DNA coated micropellets into cells
How is a Ti plasmid modified?
By modifying the T-DNA portion that causes tumor production; also is genetically modified to include polylinker and drug resistance genes such as kanamycin resistance
Why do you want to allow bacteria to infect plant cells?
So the bacteria containing recombinant DNA can insert the T-DNA portion into the plant genome
Golden rices
two daffodil genes and a bacterial gene spliced into the rice genome to produce more b-carotene, precursor to Vitamin B